A test of recent subcultural explanations of White violence in the United States

Gender equity, traditional masculine culture, and female homicide victimization

“…Pridemore and Freilich (2005) found gender equality to be significantly related to overall White non-Hispanic homicide rates, which was consistent with one aspect of the feminist literature that suggested increased gender parity could trigger male on male violence. For example, Whaley and Messner (2003, p. 192) stated that bgender equality generates (via threats to masculinity).…”

“…Were reliable data available from the SHR for victims and offenders, it would be ideal to choose White non-Hispanic male offender-female victim dyads, but the vast majority of cases had missing data. Nevertheless, in recognition of these limitations, Pridemore and Freilich (2005) tested these theories in relation to White non-Hispanic male offending using the SHR data. The results from their models using male offending were consistent with their models using overall victimization data and with the findings presented here using female victimization data.…”

The determinants of domestic right-wing terrorism in the USA: Economic grievance, societal change and political resentment

“…She argues that whites from communities affected by poverty and structural changes in the US economy come to find compelling right-wing propaganda blaming “big government” policies, foreign conspiracies, minorities, liberals and women for the destruction of traditional employment and sources of prosperity. Pridemore and Freilich (2006) note that right-wing hate crimes, a related form of political violence, are more frequent in economically depressed communities because right-wing extremists seek to exact “revenge” against racial and ideological enemies that they hold responsible for their economic difficulties. Right-wing extremists use the insecurity accompanying economic grievances to popularize their agendas, to normalize their violent strategies, to recruit members and to generate networks of supporters.…”

Trajectories of non-intimate partner and intimate partner homicides, 1980-1999: The importance of rurality

“…Other scholars had further emphasized the effect of these cultural or subcultural traits such as honor, valor, and machismo for influencing violence and homicide rates specifically among southerners (see Gibson, 1994;Hackney, 1969;Loftin & Hill, 1974;Nisbett & Cohen, 1996;Pridemore & Freilich, 2006). In the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s rural areas faced an extreme economic dislocation due to a number of farm foreclosures.…”