A theory and method of love.

Abstract

This research was part of a larger research program on love and sex attitudes. Earlier work on love was reported in Hendrick, Hendrick, Foote, and Slapion-Foote (1984). The work on love extends Lee's (1973Lee's ( /1976) theory of six basic love styles: Eros (passionate love), Ludus (game-playing love), Storge (friendship love), Pragma (logical, "shopping list" love), Mania (possessive, dependent love), and Agape (all-giving, selfless love). Theory development has proceeded concurrently with the development of measurement scales. Study I (N = 807) used a 42-item rating questionnaire, with 7 items measuring each of the love styles. Six love style scales emerged clearly from factor analysis. Internal reliability was shown for each scale, and the scales had low intercorrelations with each other. Significant relationships were found between love attitudes and several background variables, including gender, ethnicity, previous love experiences, current love status, and self-esteem. Confirmatory Study II (N = 567) replicated factor structure, factor loadings, and reliability analyses of the first study. In addition, the significant relationships between love attitudes and gender, previous love experiences, current love status, and self-esteem were also consistent with the results of Study I. The love scale shows considerable promise as an instrument for future research on love.During the past decade, love has become respectable as an area for study by psychologists (e.g., Rubin, 1984). Several theories oflove have been proposed (e.g., readings by Cook & Wilson, 1979;Kelley, 1983). Early theories that used global concepts of love are being replaced by theories that use multidimensional constructs that promise greater yields in knowledge. Theories of LoveBlau (1964) proposed an exchange theory oflove that characterized the development oflove as requiring a nicely balanced degree of mutuality and the consistent exchange of rewards between partners. More recently, Clark and Mills (1979) attempted to differentiate "exchange" from "communal" (e.g., altruistic) relationships by showing that a "tit for tat" approach may be accepted in an exchange relationship, but such an approach may actually damage a communal relationship. Berscheid and Walster (1974) proposed an approach to love which described romantic, passionate love as physiological arousal accompanied by appropriate cognitive cues such that "passionate love" is the appropriate label for the arousal. From this essentially labeling approach, Walster and Walster (1978) proposed two general kinds of love: passionate love and companionate love, with the former nearly always evolving to the latter in an enduring close relationship.Moving counter to the increasing emphasis on love as multidimensional, Sternberg and Grajek (1984) proposed that there is a "general factor" of love which is quite consistent across romantic, familial, and friendship relationships. However, the authors note that although the various love experiences may be similar, the "concomitants" of the exper...

Development and validation of a mood measure for adolescents

“…Theory testing and construct measurement are inextricably linked. It is suggested that the development of a valid measure of the theoretical construct to be examined should be the first step in the research process (Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986). If the construct validity of the instrument is questionable, then it is not possible to accurately test the theory under investigation.…”

“…Third, recent developments of computer software to test the factor structures of psychological questionnaires have prompted researchers (see Hendrick and Hendrick, 1986;Schutz and Gessaroli, 1993;Bentler, 1995;Thompson and Daniel, 1996) to emphasise the benefits of structural equation modelling techniques such as Measure of mood 6 confirmatory factor analysis. The traditional method of choice to demonstrate factorial validity has been exploratory factor analysis techniques.…”

Creencias Del Amor Romántico Y Violencia De Género

“…Para analizar los distintos estilos de amor en los discursos del alumnado, hemos tomado la tipología de John Lee (1973), ya que ha sido ampliamente considerada en la investigación sobre el tema (Hendrick y Hendrick ,1986;Ubillos et al, 2001Ubillos et al, , 2003Ferrer et al, 2008).…”

Evidências de Validade da Versão Brasileira da Escala Amor do Marriage and Relationships Questionnaire (MARQ)

“…Há diversas escalas que medem vínculo emocional/amor em humanos (Triangular Love Scale -Sternberg, 1986; Love Attitude Scale - Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986;Love Scale [Marriage and Relationship Questionnaire] -Russel & Wells, 1993;Tetrangular Model -Yela, 2006 (Russel & Wells, 1986). Essa escala é focada em medir o amor romântico em casais em relacionamento estável e possui a praticidade de medir vários aspectos do relacionamento em um único questionário.…”