1 of the resolution on the cut-off frequency of the imaging system, the signal-tonoise ratio, the sparsity of point scatterers, and the incoherence of illumination patterns. Our theory particularly highlights the importance of the high incoherence of illumination patterns in enhancing the resolution. It also demonstrates that super-resolution can be achieved using sparsity-based multi-illumination imaging with very few frames, whereby the spatio-temporal super-resolution becomes possible. BEAM can be viewed as the first experimental realization of our theory, which is demonstrated to hold in both the one-and two-dimensional cases.