A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market

Bonacich, Edna

doi:10.2307/2093450

Cited by 898 publications

(417 citation statements)

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“…Conflict differentiates and separates individuals while placing them in distinct groups that in turn have distinct group interests. Theories that provide rational interest explanations for anti-immigration attitudes, such as realistic conflict (Bobo 1983), deprivation theory (Citrin et al 1997) and labour market competition theories (Bonacich 1972), consider cost and benefit along with group interests as the key causal mechanisms leading to anti-immigration attitudes.…”

Section: Theories On Attitudes Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, according to the labour market competition theory, since immigrants mostly work in low-skilled manual jobs, they are likely to be complementrather than substitute -to highly educated natives (e.g. Bonacich 1972;Bogard and Sherrod 2008;Hainmueller and Hiscox 2010). Second, the link between education and attitudes is rooted in the fact that educational systems tend to promote acceptance of different cultural values and beliefs (Hainmueller and Hiscox 2007).…”

Section: Empirical Findings: Individual and Household Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What determines attitudes to immigration in European countries? An analysis at the regional level

2013

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Different disciplines within the social sciences have produced large theoretical and empirical literatures to explain the determinants of anti-immigration attitudes. We bring together these literatures in a unified framework and identify testable hypothesis on what characteristics of the individual and of the local environment are likely to have an impact on anti-immigration attitudes. While most of the previous literature focuses on the explanation of attitudes at the individual level, we focus on the impact on regional characteristics (the local context). Our aim is to explain why people living in different regions differ in terms of their attitudes towards immigration. We isolate the impact of regions from regressions using individual-level data and explain this residual regional heterogeneity in attitudes with aggregate level indicators of regional characteristics. We find that regions with a higher percentage of immigrants born outside the EU and a higher unemployment rate among the immigrant population show a higher probability that natives express negative attitudes to immigration. Regions with a higher unemployment rate among natives however, show less pronounced anti-immigrant attitudes.JEL Classification: F22; J15; J61; R19

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Section: Theories On Attitudes Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Findings: Individual and Household Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What determines attitudes to immigration in European countries? An analysis at the regional level

2013

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“…However, they have also served as major sources of social exclusion and discrimination, particularly in the lives of women, immigrants, people of colour, colonised peoples, workers in the Third World, and other socially marginalised groups (Bonacich, 1972;Arrighi, 1990;Nakano Glenn, 2002). For example, even labour movements considered racially inclusive such as the late nineteenth-century Knights of Labor in the United States, which embraced black workers as members (albeit in racially segregated local assemblies), closed its organisational ranks to Chinese immigrant workers whom they vilified as morally degraded and culturally unassimilable (Gerteis, 2007: 62-67).…”

Section: Correcting Historical Amnesia: the Problem Of Racial And Natmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Affective Politics of the Precariat: Reconsidering Alternative Histories of Grassroots Worker Organising

Chun

2016

GLJ

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This article engages with Guy Standing's arguments about the affective politics of the precariat by reflecting on the conditions that facilitate, as well as constrain, the solidaristic transformation of the precariat. After evaluating Standing's Polanyian theory of social change based on assumptions about the destructive tendencies of neo-liberal capitalism and a liberal politics of hope, it offers two critical interventions. First, celebrating the solidaristic traditions of the past industrial era erases historical patterns of labour organising that were quite exclusionary for traditional denizens such as women, non-white immigrants and people of colour in the United States. Second, a top-down approach to solidaristic transformation neglects alternative histories of grassroots worker organising around nonwork social identities and communities. This historical erasure and neglect overlooks how oppressed and socially devalued workers have sought to challenge the fundamental gap between reality and rhetoric under liberal capitalist democracy, a key predicament for long-standing members of the precariat that persists in today's global era of pervasive inequality and precarity. KEY WORDSlabour politics; precarity; grassroots organising; affective politics Guy Standing's new book A Precariat Charter: From Denizens to Citizens lays out an ambitious programme for change. Rather than focus solely on the causes of deepening insecurity, injustice and inequality in the current era of global precarity, Standing emphasises that it is time to focus on solutions. "We need a counter-strategy oriented to the needs, aspirations and insecurities of the precariat", says Standing (2014: 93), especially the millions of people denied the rights, recognition and social safety net granted to citizens. Towards this end A Precariat Charter outlines 29 Articles to guide policy makers and civil-society actors who strive to bring about a different world -one in which thriving rather than surviving is the order of the day. Some notable Articles include: the need for a "broader concept of work", including recognising "unpaid care work as work" (Article 1); the creation of a diverse array of collective associations -including but not limited to labour unionsthat promote the voice, agency, creativity and solidarity of the precariat (Article 5); various strategies to end the discrimination and dehumanisation of migrant workers (Articles 11-15); and a basic income that guarantees the economic security of all people, regardless of age, gender, race, marital status, labour status, disability and other axes of social difference (Article 25).The emphasis on solutions, rather than problems, is inspired largely by the recent upsurge in popular unrest. From the myriad protests opposing economic austerity in Europe to the Arab Spring

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“…In "split labour markets", a concept which has been usefully applied to white settler colonies with slavery in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (e.g., the American South or South Africa), labour markets are divided along ethno-racial lines. Ethnic antagonism and ethno-racial hierarchies resulted from this kind of hierarchization, as well as outright exclusion of groups from certain labour market segments (Bonacich 1972).…”

Section: Social Mechanisms: the Production Of Inequalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiculturalism: From Heterogeneities to Social (In)equalities

Faist¹

2013

Debating Multiculturalism in the Nordic Welfare States

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DFG Research Center (SFB) "From Heterogeneities to Inequalities"Whether fat or thin, male or female, young or old -people are different. Alongside their physical features, they also differ in terms of nationality and ethnicity; in their cultural preferences, lifestyles, attitudes, orientations, and philosophies; in their competencies, qualifications, and traits; and in their professions. But how do such heterogeneities lead to social inequalities? What are the social mechanisms that underlie this process? These are the questions pursued by the new DFG Research Center (SFB) "From Heterogeneities to Inequalities" at Bielefeld University, which was approved by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as "SFB 882" on May 25, 2011. In the social sciences, research on inequality is dispersed across different research fields such as education, the labor market, equality, migration, health, or gender. One goal of the SFB is to integrate these fields, searching for common mechanisms in the emergence of inequality that can be compiled into a typology. More than fifty senior and junior researchers and the Bielefeld University Library are involved in the SFB. Along with sociologists, it brings together scholars from the Bielefeld University faculties of Business Administration and Economics, Educational Science, Health Science, and Law, as well as from the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) in Berlin and the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. In addition to carrying out research, the SFB is concerned to nurture new academic talent, and therefore provides doctoral training in its own integrated Research Training Group. A data infrastructure project has also been launched to archive, prepare, and disseminate the data gathered. Research Project C3 "Transnationality, the Distribution of Informal Social Security and Inequalities"The goal of this project is to determine the influence of transnationality, as a characteristic of heterogeneity, on the ways that migrants and their families in emigration and immigration countries access and utilize "informal" social security. The study extends across transnational spaces between Germany and Turkey, Germany and Poland, and Germany and Kazakhstan. The question guiding the research is how transnationality influences the distribution of informal social security and resulting inequalities. Particular emphasis is given to the impact of transnationality on the use of informal services such as childcare, care of sick relatives, money transfers, assistance with integration, and job placement. The AuthorThomas Faist is Professor for the Sociology of Transnationalization, Development and Migration at the Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, Germany. Furthermore, he is Deputy Spokesperson of the SFB 882 "From Heterogeneities to Inequalities" and Director of the SFB 882 research projects C1 "Transnationality and Inequality: The Pilot Project for the Panel Study" and C3 "Transnationality, the Distribution of Informal Social Security and Inequalities". His research interests focus on tra...

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A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market

Cited by 898 publications

References 5 publications

What determines attitudes to immigration in European countries? An analysis at the regional level

What determines attitudes to immigration in European countries? An analysis at the regional level

The Affective Politics of the Precariat: Reconsidering Alternative Histories of Grassroots Worker Organising

Multiculturalism: From Heterogeneities to Social (In)equalities

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