A thermochemical model of Eurasian Permo-Triassic mantle plumes as a basis for prediction and exploration for Cu-Ni-PGE and rare-metal ore deposits

Abstract

Four stages of the thermochemical plume—lithosphere interaction generating a broad mushroom-like head of plume and especially fourth regressive cooling phase have the important role for metallogeny. The analysis of a thermochemical plume model together with recent geological and geochronological data on magmatic ore systems in the Siberian, Tarim, Emeishan, Central European, and some other large igneous provinces (LIPs) enabled the following characteristics of the metallogeny in large igneous provinces to be revealed: (1) the specific combination of mineralization types, which include magmatic Cu-Ni-Pt and Fe-Pt; hydrothermal Ni-Co-As (±Ag, U, Au), Au-As, Ag-Sb, Au-Hg, Sb-Hg and stratiform Cu (copper-bearing sandstones and shales enriched in Co, Ni, Ag, Pt);(2) the areal or spot-like pattern of the location of mineralization types (opposed to the linear-belt localization in subduction and rift settings);(3) the zoned distribution of mineralization types relative to LIPs’ centers, with Cu-Ni-Pt, Fe-Pt and stratiform Cu mineralization localized in a LIP center, and hydrothermal mineralization bound to a LIP periphery;(4) the essential contemporaneity of the formation of each mineralization type in LIPs, and the existence of coeval but spatially separated Cu-Ni-Pt, Ni-Co-As and Au-As deposits;(5) the close linkage between different mineralization types and particular pulses of mafic, alkaline mafic, and felsic magmatism;(6) the unified succession of ore-forming events;(7) the close relationship between the extent of mineralization and LIP igneous volumes, which in turn depend on the plume heat power. The major characteristics of localization of different mineralization types within LIPs, the timing and genetic relationships between mineralization and types of magmatism, as well as specific geological controls on ore formation provide a basis for establishing new geological, magmatic, litological, and geochemical criteria crucial for predicting and targeting new mineralization within LIPs.

Petrogenesis and magmatic–hydrothermal evolution time limitation of Kelumute No. 112 pegmatite in Altay, Northwestern China: Evidence from zircon UPb and Hf isotopes

“…In fact, voluminous Late Paleozoic (320 to 250 Ma) calc-alkaline and alkaline granites occur along the strike-slip Irtysh Fault in the Chinese Altay (Tong, 2006). It has been suggested that mantle plumes of Tarim and Siberian were activated in 280 and 250 Ma, respectively, and directly resulted in the formation of large-scale ore deposits such as Ni\Cu\PGE, Cu\Mo, Fe\Pt, Au\Hg in the CAOB (Borisenko et al, 2006;Dobretsov et al, 2010;Pirajno, 2010;Pirajno et al, 2009). Normally, magmatic activity associated with mantle plumes, large igneous formations and lithosphere-scale strike-slip movements are involved in a great quantity of juvenile mantle-derived magma, showing larger positive εHf(t) values and younger T DM model ages in their zircons .…”

Intraplate geodynamics and magmatism in the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

“…Вторая группа моделей отводит ведущую роль мантийным плюмам, воздействие которых на ак-креционно-коллизионные орогены вызывает по-вышение геотермического градиента и масштаб-ный мантийно-коровый магматизм, проявившийся за относительно короткое время (Large Igneous Provinces, LIP, ΔT≤5-10 млн лет) [Dobretsov et al, 2010;Yarmolyuk et al, 2013Yarmolyuk et al, , 2014Khromykh et al, 2013;Ernst, 2014;Xu et al, 2014;Ernst et al, 2016].…”

Duration of Granitoid Magmatism in Peripheral Parts of Large Igneous Provinces (Based on 40ar/39ar Isotopic Studies of Altai Permian-Triassic Granitoids)

“…Correlation between the Permian-Triassic magmatism stages estimated for the Siberian platform and the Altai region of the Central Asian Fold Belt. Modified after [Dobretsov et al, 2010;Borisenko et al, 2010;Buslov et al, 2010;Vasyukova et al, 2011;Malitch, Latypov, 2011;Reichow et al, 2009]. See the description of stages 1 to 4 in the text.…”

“…Корреляция возрастных рубежей пермо-триасового магматизма Сибирской платформы и Алтайского секто-ра ЦАСП. Использованы данные [Dobretsov et al, 2010;Borisenko et al, 2010;Buslov et al, 2010;Vasyukova et al, 2011;Malitch, Latypov, 2011;Reichow et al, 2009]. Характеристику стадий I-IV см.…”

“…The general scheme describing the evolution of LIPs and formation of the magmatic associations was proposed based on the data on Asian LIPs [Dobretsov et al, 2010;Hoa et al, 2016]. This scheme assumes four stages as follows.…”