A Three‐Dimensional Origami Paper‐Based Device for Potentiometric Biosensing

Ding, Jiawang; Li, Bowei; Chen, Lingxin; Qin, Wei

doi:10.1002/anie.201606268

Cited by 151 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This rotational valve has the advantage of being relatively simple to operate but has a limitation in that each step must be manually operated. Researches on the technique of transferring one fluid flow to another channel by paper folding have been also conducted [29,37,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. The "pop-up" device shown in Figure 10B has a structure wherein the sample zone touches the detection zone and performs electrochemical detection when the popped up paper is folded.…”

Section: Geometry Transformation-based Active Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Fluid Manipulation Technologies in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (μPADs) toward Multi-Step Assays

Kim¹,

Hahn

Kim

2020

Micromachines

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Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been suggested as alternatives for developing countries with suboptimal medical conditions because of their low diagnostic cost, high portability, and disposable characteristics. Recently, paper-based diagnostic devices enabling multi-step assays have been drawing attention, as they allow complicated tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which were previously only conducted in the laboratory, to be performed on-site. In addition, user convenience and price of paper-based diagnostic devices are other competitive points over other point-of-care testing (POCT) devices, which are more critical in developing countries. Fluid manipulation technologies in paper play a key role in realizing multi-step assays via μPADs, and the expansion of biochemical applications will provide developing countries with more medical benefits. Therefore, we herein aimed to investigate recent fluid manipulation technologies utilized in paper-based devices and to introduce various approaches adopting several principles to control fluids on papers. Fluid manipulation technologies are classified into passive and active methods. While passive valves are structurally simple and easy to fabricate, they are difficult to control in terms of flow at a specific spatiotemporal condition. On the contrary, active valves are more complicated and mostly require external systems, but they provide much freedom of fluid manipulation and programmable operation. Both technologies have been revolutionized in the way to compensate for their limitations, and their advances will lead to improved performance of μPADs, increasing the level of healthcare around the world.

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Section: Geometry Transformation-based Active Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Fluid Manipulation Technologies in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (μPADs) toward Multi-Step Assays

Kim¹,

Hahn

Kim

2020

Micromachines

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“…Liu and Crooks have described a method to assemble 3D μPADs based on origami principles, where the stacking of 2D paper layers was achieved by sequences of hand‐folding of a single sheet of paper without the need of alignment methods . Other exciting origami biosystems have been reported following this assembly methodology where electrodes can be integrated and are activated by the folding process . Figure 4 a shows a photograph of an unfolded 3D μPAD device demonstrating the distribution of four colored solutions among nine paper panels that are folded into the 3D microfluidic μPAD.…”

Section: Origami Microfluidic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origami Biosystems: 3D Assembly Methods for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2018

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Conventional assembly of biosystems has relied on bottom‐up techniques, such as directed aggregation, or top‐down techniques, such as layer‐by‐layer integration, using advanced lithographic and additive manufacturing processes. However, these methods often fail to mimic the complex three dimensional (3D) microstructure of naturally occurring biomachinery, cells, and organisms regarding assembly throughput, precision, material heterogeneity, and resolution. Pop‐up, buckling, and self‐folding methods, reminiscent of paper origami, allow the high‐throughput assembly of static or reconfigurable biosystems of relevance to biosensors, biomicrofluidics, cell and tissue engineering, drug delivery, and minimally invasive surgery. The universal principle in these assembly methods is the engineering of intrinsic or extrinsic forces to cause local or global shape changes via bending, curving, or folding resulting in the final 3D structure. The forces can result from stresses that are engineered either during or applied externally after synthesis or fabrication. The methods facilitate the high‐throughput assembly of biosystems in simultaneously micro or nanopatterned and layered geometries that can be challenging if not impossible to assemble by alternate methods. The authors classify methods based on length scale and biologically relevant applications; examples of significant advances and future challenges are highlighted.

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“…Mechanical motion of paper has also been used for actuating the flow of liquids in paper. Electromagnetic, hygroexpanding, manually operated push‐buttons, flaps, pop‐up, folding, and sliding‐strip concepts for valving have been reported in the literature (for a more complete list of published work see Table S1, Supporting Information). Valves that involve soluble substances, such as surfactants, or chemical modifications, like plasma, or electrochemistry, are more prone to influence the reagents used in the assays compare to purely physical methods, such as mechanical motion.…”

Section: Properties Of the Three Woven Materials For Electrowettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Textile Valves for Paper Microfluidics

et al. 2017

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This paper describes electrically activated fluidic valves that operate based on electrowetting through textiles. The valves are fabricated from electrically conductive, insulated, hydrophobic textiles, but the concept could be extended to other porous materials. When the valve is closed, the liquid cannot pass through the hydrophobic textile. Upon application of a potential (in the range of 100 -1000 Volts) between the textile and the liquid, the valve opens and the liquid penetrates the valve. These valves actuate in less than 1 second, require low energy (~27 µJ per actuation), and work with a variety of aqueous solutions, including low surface tension aqueous liquids, and bioanalytes. They are bistable in function, and are in a sense, the electrofluidic analog of thyristors. They can be integrated into paper microfluidic devices to make circuits that are capable of liquid control, including autonomous fluidic timers, and fluidic logic. 2Paper microfluidics is a technology particularly well-suited for uses in public health, point of care diagnostics for resource-limited settings, veterinary medicine, food and water quality testing, and environmental monitoring. [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8] Many common assays require the addition of multiple reagents and multiple washing steps, where the timing of each step influences the outcome of the assay. For example, paper-based devices for ELISA [9,10], [11], [12] , electrochemiluminescence (ECL) [13] , or DNA detection [14], [15] , require multiple individually timed steps of binding, washing and amplification. Performing these steps manually is labor intensive (a single assay may take from several minutes to hours) and prone to human errors. Fully automated paper-based assays have the potential to be faster and more accurate than those requiring human operations.The most important component required for autonomous assays is a fluidic valve that gates the flow of liquids with timed actuation. Different methods of valving have been explored for paper devices [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23] , which operate either by changing the wicking properties of the paper or by mechanically altering connectivity between the channels.Wicking speed in the paper is determined by three parameters: The hydrophilicity of its surface, the size of the pores, and the viscosity of the liquid. These parameters can be altered to actuate flow of liquids. For example, hydrophobic surfaces can be rendered hydrophilic by an electrical plasma [16] or by electrochemical [17,24] or ultraviolet modification. [25] Surfactants can also be used to assist liquids in crossing the hydrophobic barriers [23,26,27] ; dissolved polymers [28] or sugars [29] can increase the viscosity of the liquids and limit the flow.Mechanical motion of paper has also been used for actuating the flow of liquids in paper. Electromagnetic [18] , hygroexpanding [19], [30] manually operated push-buttons [20] , flaps [21] , pop-up [31] , folding [10], [32] and sliding strip [14] concepts for valving h...

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A Three‐Dimensional Origami Paper‐Based Device for Potentiometric Biosensing

Cited by 151 publications

References 59 publications

Recent Advances of Fluid Manipulation Technologies in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (μPADs) toward Multi-Step Assays

Recent Advances of Fluid Manipulation Technologies in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (μPADs) toward Multi-Step Assays

Origami Biosystems: 3D Assembly Methods for Biomedical Applications

Electrical Textile Valves for Paper Microfluidics

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