A three-year experiment of annual methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the subtropical permanently flooded rice paddy fields of China: Emission factor, temperature sensitivity and fertilizer nitrogen effect

Zhou, Minghua; Wang, Xiaoguo; Wang, Yanqiang; Zhu, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.12.265

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Both nitrification and denitrification process are highly temperaturedependent, with a Q 10 value of~2.0 to 4.0 over the range 15-25°C. The exponential relationship between temperature and N 2 O production has been well documented in field studies (Griffis et al 2017;Song et al 2018;Zhou et al 2018). The above discussed empirical relations were implemented in the DyN-LPJ model (Xu-Ri and Prentice 2008).…”

Section: N 2 O Emissions and Their Controlsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Estimating N2O emissions from soils under natural vegetation in China

Xu-Ri

Wang

et al. 2018

Plant Soil

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Background Natural and managed soils have been identified as the largest sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N 2 O). However, the quantification of N 2 O emissions from soils under natural vegetation in China and their possible responses to changing climate and atmospheric nitrogen deposition remains uncertain. In particular, information regarding N 2 O emissions from Chinese shrublands is lacking. Method This study used 28 sets of N 2 O field measurements in China to validate a process-based dynamic nitrogen cycle model (DyN-LPJ), which was then used to investigate the N 2 O fluxes from soils under natural vegetation in China from 1970 to 2009. Results N 2 O emissions from Chinese forests, grasslands, and shrublands in the 2000s were estimated to be 0.10 ± 0.06 Tg N yr. −1 , 0.09 ± 0.09, Tg N yr. −1 and 0.14 ± 0.07 Tg N yr. −1 , respectively. Monthly N 2 O fluxes were linearly correlated with precipitation, and exponentially (Q 10 = 3) with air temperature. The total N 2 O fluxes from natural terrestrial ecosystems in China increased from 0.28 ± 0.03 Tg N yr. −1 in the 1970s to 0.46 ± 0.03 Tg N yr. −1 in the 2000s. Warming and atmospheric nitrogen deposition accounted for 37% (or 0.07 ± 0.03 Tg N) and 63% (0.11 ± 0.01 Tg N) of this increase respectively. Conclusions Our results indicate that when compared to grassland ecosystems, N 2 O emissions from forest and shrubland ecosystems contain larger uncertainties due to either their uncertain areal extent or their emission rates. Long-term and continuous field measurements should be conducted to obtain more representative data in order to better constrain shrubland N 2 O emissions. Keywords N 2 O. Natural terrestrial ecosystems. China. Shrubland. Forest. Grassland. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Climate change

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Section: N 2 O Emissions and Their Controlsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Estimating N2O emissions from soils under natural vegetation in China

Xu-Ri

Wang

et al. 2018

Plant Soil

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“…The frame's top edge had a 5.0 cm deep groove enabling it to be filled with water to seal the rim of the chamber. The chamber was equipped with a circulating fan to ensure a uniform gas mixing and was wrapped with a layer of insulating material to minimize the air temperature changes inside the chamber during closure [11,19].…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barker et al [14] found that 15%-20% of global anthropogenic CH 4 emissions came from rice fields, and Chinese rice fields were believed to be a particularly important source of CH 4 and N 2 O [15]. The total annual emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O from rice fields in China range from 7.7 to 8.0 Tg CH 4 •yr −1 and from 88.0 to 98.1 Gg N 2 O•yr −1 , respectively [16][17][18][19]. Thus, concerns about the environmental repercussions of anthropogenic GHG emissions are increasing [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Effects of Straw Retention and Nitrogen Reduction on CH4 and N2O Emissions from Paddy Fields in the Lower Yangtze River Region, China

Zhang

Wang

2020

Sustainability

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Straw retention is a widely used method in rice planting areas throughout China. However, the combined influences of straw retention and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from paddy fields merits significant attention. In this work, we conducted a field experiment in the lower Yangtze River region of China to study the effects of straw retention modes and N fertilizer rates on rice yield, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission fluxes, global warming potential (GWP), and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) during the rice season. The experiments included six treatments: the recommended N fertilizer—240 kg N·ha−1 with (1) no straw, (2) wheat straw, (3) rice straw, and (4) both wheat and rice straw retentions; in a yearly rice–wheat cropping system (N1, WN1, RN1, and WRN1, respectively); as well as both wheat and rice straw retentions with (5) no N fertilizer and (6) 300 kg N·ha−1 conventional N fertilizer (WRN0, WRN2). The results showed that CH4 emissions were mainly concentrated in the tillering fertilizer stage and accounted for 54.2%–87.5% of the total emissions during the rice season, and N2O emissions were primarily concentrated in the panicle fertilizer stage and accounted for 46.7%–51.4% total emissions. CH4 was responsible for 87.5%–98.5% of the total CH4 and N2O GWP during the rice season, and was the main GHG contributor in the paddy field. Although straw retention reduced N2O emissions from paddy field, it significantly increased CH4 emissions, which resulted in a significant net increase in the total GWP. Compared with the N1 treatment, the total GWP of WN1, WRN1, and RN1 increased by 3.45, 3.73, and 1.62 times, respectively; and the GHGI increased by 3.00, 2.96, and 1.52 times, respectively, so the rice straw retention mode had the smallest GWP and GHGI. Under double-season’s straw retentions, N fertilizer application increased both CH4 and N2O emissions, and the WRN1 treatment not only maintained high rice yield but also significantly reduced the GWP and GHGI by 16.5% and 30.1% (p < 0.05), respectively, relative to the WRN2 treatment. Results from this study suggest that adopting the “rice straw retention + recommended N fertilizer” mode (RN1) in the rice–wheat rotation system prevalent in the lower Yangtze River region will aid in mitigating the contribution of straw retention to the greenhouse effect.

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“…Grandy and Robertson reported that in initial cultivation, tillage practices significantly disturbed the soil structure and released large amounts of organic C and N from macroaggregates, thus accelerating the soil N 2 O fluxes [18]. Fertilization has been widely understood to significantly increase N 2 O emissions, mainly through supplying more inorganic N concentrations and sufficient substrates (NH 4 + and NO 3 − ) for nitrification and denitrification [8,11,[23][24][25]. Bouwman et al analyzed 139 N 2 O studies from agricultural regions and found that N 2 O emissions generally increase with N application rates, especially above the application rates of 100 kg N ha −1 [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sichuan Basin is the largest agricultural region in Southwest China, accounting for 7% of the total cropland and supplying 10% of the total agricultural products of China [27]. In recent years, many studies have paid attention to the N 2 O fluxes from agricultural soils and obtained some significant observations in the Sichuan Basin [24,25,28,29]. However, previous studies mainly focused on the influence of fertilizer application (e.g., type and rate), which has resulted in agricultural lands having more N 2 O emissions compared to other land uses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Tillage and Fertilization Influence Soil N2O Emissions after Forestland Conversion to Cropland

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are influenced by land use adjustment and management practices. To meet the increasing socioeconomic development and sustainable demands for food supply, forestland conversion to cropland occurs around the world. However, the effects of forestland conversion to cropland as well as of tillage and fertilization practices on soil N2O emissions are still not well understood, especially in subtropical regions. Therefore, field experiments were carried out to continuously monitor soil N2O emissions after the conversion of forestland to cropland in a subtropical region in Southwest China. One forestland site and four cropland sites were selected: forestland (CK), short-term croplands (tillage with and without fertilization, NC-TF and NC-T), and long-term croplands (tillage with and without fertilization, LC-TF and LC-T). The annual cumulative N2O flux was 0.21 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in forestland. After forestland conversion to cropland, the annual cumulative N2O flux significantly increased by 76‒491%. In the short-term and long-term croplands, tillage with fertilization induced cumulative soil N2O emissions that were 94% and 235% higher than those from tillage without fertilization. Fertilization contributed 63% and 84% to increased N2O emissions in the short-term and long-term croplands, respectively. A stepwise regression analysis showed that soil N2O emissions from croplands were mainly influenced by soil NO3− and NH4+ availability and WFPS (water-filled pore space). Fertilization led to higher soil NH4+ and NO3− concentrations, which thus resulted in larger N2O fluxes. Thus, to reduce soil N2O emissions and promote the sustainable development of the eco-environment, we recommend limiting the conversion of forestland to cropland, and meanwhile intensifying the shift from grain to green or applying advanced agricultural management practices as much as possible.

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A three-year experiment of annual methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the subtropical permanently flooded rice paddy fields of China: Emission factor, temperature sensitivity and fertilizer nitrogen effect

Cited by 54 publications

References 60 publications

Estimating N2O emissions from soils under natural vegetation in China

Estimating N2O emissions from soils under natural vegetation in China

Investigation into the Effects of Straw Retention and Nitrogen Reduction on CH4 and N2O Emissions from Paddy Fields in the Lower Yangtze River Region, China

How Tillage and Fertilization Influence Soil N2O Emissions after Forestland Conversion to Cropland

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