A-to-I mRNA editing in fungi: occurrence, function, and evolution

Bian, Zhuyun; Ni, Yajia; Xu, Jin‐Rong; Liu, Huiquan

doi:10.1007/s00018-018-2936-3

Cited by 52 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Unlike RNA editing in most animals, majority of the A‐to‐I editing sites in F. graminearum are in the coding regions (CDS) and often result in amino acid changes. Interestingly, the −1 position of editing sites strongly favors U in filamentous fungi (Bian et al , ), which makes the UAA and UAG stop codons favored targets for editing. In fact, the PUK1 kinase gene that is specifically expressed during sexual reproduction and required for normal ascosporogenesis has two tandem premature stop codons (PSCs) that require editing to encode full‐length functional proteins (Liu et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The meiosis‐specific APC activator FgAMA1 is dispensable for meiosis but important for ascosporogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

Hao

Yin

Sun

et al. 2019

Molecular Microbiology

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Ascospores are the primary inoculum in Fusarium graminearum . Interestingly, 70 of its genes have premature stop codons (PSC) and require A-to-I editing during sexual reproduction to encode full-length proteins, including the ortholog of yeast Ama1, a meiosis-specific activator of APC/C. In this study, we characterized the function of FgAMA1 and its PSC editing. FgAMA1 was specifically expressed during sexual reproduction. The Fgama1 mutant was normal in growth and perithecium formation but defective in ascospogenesis. Instead of forming four-celled, uninucleate ascospores, Fgama1 mutant produced oval, single-celled, binucleated ascospores by selfing. Some mutant ascospores began to bud and underwent additional mitosis inside asci. Expression of the wild-type or edited FgAMA1 but not the uneditable allele complemented Fgama1 . In the Fgama1 x mat-1-1 outcross, over 60% of the asci had eight Fgama1 or intermediate (elongated but single-celled) ascospores, suggesting efficient meiotic silencing of unpaired FgAMA1 . Deletion of FgPAL1 , one of the genes upregulated in Fgama1 also resulted in defects in ascospore morphology and budding. Overall, our results showed that FgAMA1 is dispensable for meiosis but important for ascospore formation and discharge. In F. graminearum , whereas some of its targets are functional during meiosis, FgAma1 may target other proteins that function after spore delimitation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The meiosis‐specific APC activator FgAMA1 is dispensable for meiosis but important for ascosporogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

Hao

Yin

Sun

et al. 2019

Molecular Microbiology

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“…In bacteria, the tadA ADAT is responsible for A‐to‐I editing (Bar‐Yaacov et al ., 2017). In fungi, editing preferentially targets adenosine in the hairpin loop of folded mRNAs, a structure similar to the anticodon loop of tRNA targeted by ADATs (Wang et al ., 2016; Bian et al ., 2019). Therefore, A‐to‐I mRNA editing in F. graminearum is likely catalyzed by Acd17 and Acd18.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage‐specific regulation of purine metabolism during infectious growth and sexual reproduction in Fusarium graminearum

et al. 2021

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Summary Ascospores generated during sexual reproduction are the primary inoculum for the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum. Purine metabolism is known to play important roles in fungal pathogens but its lifecycle stage‐specific regulation is unclear. By characterizing the genes involved in purine de novo and salvage biosynthesis pathways, we showed that de novo syntheses of inosine, adenosine and guanosine monophosphates (IMP, AMP and GMP) are important for vegetative growth, sexual/asexual reproduction, and infectious growth, whereas purine salvage synthesis is dispensable for these stages in F. graminearum. Addition of GMP rescued the defects of the Fgimd1 mutant in vegetative growth and conidiation but not sexual reproduction, whereas addition of AMP rescued all of these defects of the Fgade12 mutant, suggesting that the function of de novo synthesis of GMP rather than AMP is distinct in sexual stages. Moreover, Acd1, an ortholog of AMP deaminase, is dispensable for growth but essential for ascosporogenesis and pathogenesis, suggesting that AMP catabolism has stage‐specific functions during sexual reproduction and infectious growth. The expression of almost all the genes involved in de novo purine synthesis is downregulated during sexual reproduction and infectious growth relative to vegetative growth. This study revealed that F. graminearum has stage‐specific regulation of purine metabolism during infectious growth and sexual reproduction.

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“…The current model, FGRAMPH1_01G27057, incorporates some changes due to an updated splicing pattern and extended N- and C-termini ( Supplementary Figure 3 ). Furthermore, extensive adenosine to inosine editing (Bian et al, 2019) during sexual development was found in all three ACS candidate genes (Liu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Characterization of the Fusarium graminearum Candidate ACC-Deaminases and Virulence Testing of Knockout Mutant Strains

Svoboda

Parich²,

Güldener

et al. 2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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Fusarium graminearum is a plant pathogenic fungus which is able to infect wheat and other economically important cereal crop species. The role of ethylene in the interaction with host plants is unclear and controversial. We have analyzed the inventory of genes with a putative function in ethylene production or degradation of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC). F. graminearum, in contrast to other species, does not contain a candidate gene encoding ethylene-forming enzyme. Three genes with similarity to ACC synthases exist; heterologous expression of these did not reveal enzymatic activity. The F. graminearum genome contains in addition two ACC deaminase candidate genes. We have expressed both genes in E. coli and characterized the enzymatic properties of the affinity-purified products. One of the proteins had indeed ACC deaminase activity, with kinetic properties similar to ethylene-stress reducing enzymes of plant growth promoting bacteria. The other candidate was inactive with ACC but turned out to be a d-cysteine desulfhydrase. Since it had been reported that ethylene insensitivity in transgenic wheat increased Fusarium resistance and reduced the content of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in infected wheat, we generated single and double knockout mutants of both genes in the F. graminearum strain PH-1. No statistically significant effect of the gene disruptions on fungal spread or mycotoxin content was detected, indicating that the ability of the fungus to manipulate the production of the gaseous plant hormones ethylene and H2S is dispensable for full virulence.

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A-to-I mRNA editing in fungi: occurrence, function, and evolution

Cited by 52 publications

References 82 publications

The meiosis‐specific APC activator FgAMA1 is dispensable for meiosis but important for ascosporogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

The meiosis‐specific APC activator FgAMA1 is dispensable for meiosis but important for ascosporogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

Stage‐specific regulation of purine metabolism during infectious growth and sexual reproduction in Fusarium graminearum

Biochemical Characterization of the Fusarium graminearum Candidate ACC-Deaminases and Virulence Testing of Knockout Mutant Strains

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