A two-phase flow approach for modeling blood stasis and estimating the thrombosis potential of a ventricular assist device

Dai, Weifeng; Wu, Peng; Liu, Guang-Mao

doi:10.1177/0391398820975405

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), including models for predicting blood damage, has been widely used to assist in the development of blood pumps. [6][7][8][9][10] Moreover, U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has plans to use computational simulations as part of its medical device approval process to fully evaluate the safety of medical devices. 11 In recent years, FDA launched the round robin initiative and designed two benchmarks, the "idealized medical device" and "blood pump," to evaluate and verify the accuracy of CFD simulation and prediction of blood damage, with both flow field and hemolysis were measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large eddy simulation as a fast and accurate engineering approach for the simulation of rotary blood pumps

Huo

Zhang

et al. 2021

Int J Artif Organs

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An accurate representation of the flow field in blood pumps is important for the design and optimization of blood pumps. The primary turbulence modeling methods applied to blood pumps have been the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) or URANS (unsteady RANS) method. Large eddy simulation (LES) method has been introduced to simulate blood pumps. Nonetheless, LES has not been widely used to assist in the design and optimization of blood pumps to date due to its formidable computational cost. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of the LES technique as a fast and accurate engineering approach for the simulation of rotary blood pumps. The performance of “Light LES” (using the same time and spatial resolutions as the URANS) and LES in two rotary blood pumps was evaluated by comparing the results with the URANS and extensive experimental results. This study showed that the results of both “Light LES” and LES are superior to URANS, in terms of both performance curves and key flow features. URANS could not predict the flow separation and recirculation in diffusers for both pumps. In contrast, LES is superior to URANS in capturing these flows, performing well for both design and off-design conditions. The differences between the “Light LES” and LES results were relatively small. This study shows that with less computational cost than URANS, “Light LES” can be considered as a cost-effective engineering approach to assist in the design and optimization of rotary blood pumps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large eddy simulation as a fast and accurate engineering approach for the simulation of rotary blood pumps

Huo

Zhang

et al. 2021

Int J Artif Organs

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“…A third modelling approach is a recent study by Dai et al [32] employed a two-phase approach of two fluids with identical rheological properties and defined thrombosis risk regions as regions of low washout. Although computationally cheap, the approach is purely phenomenological and depends on definitions of "washout" regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An accelerated thrombosis model for computational fluid dynamics simulations in rotary blood pumps

Blum¹,

Groß-Hardt²,

Steinseifer³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Thrombosis is one of the major complications in blood-carrying medical devices and a better understanding to influence design of such devices is desirable. Over the past years many computational models of thrombosis have been developed. However, open questions remain about the applicability and implementation within a pump development process. The aim of the study was to develop and test a computationally efficient model for thrombus risk prediction in rotary blood pumps. We used a two-stage approach to calculate thrombus risk. At the first stage, the velocity and pressure fields were computed by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. At the second stage, platelet activation by mechanical and chemical stimuli was determined through species transport with an Eulerian approach. The model was implemented in ANSYS CFX and compared with existing clinical data on thrombus deposition within the HeartMate II. Our model shows good correlation (R2>0.94) with clinical data and identifies the bearing and outlet stator region of the HeartMate II as the location most prone to thrombus formation. The calculation of platelet activation requires an additional 10-20 core hours of computation time. The concentration of activated platelets can be used as a surrogate marker to determine risk regions of thrombus deposition in a blood pump. Model expansion, e.g. by including more chemical species can easily be performed. We make our model openly available by implementing it for the FDA benchmark blood pump.

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“…Then, a two-fluid model for blood stasis was employed to simulate the process of blood washout and stasis ( Jiang et al, 2021a ; Jiang et al, 2021b ; Dai et al, 2021 ). Simulation of blood stasis continued from the converged single-fluid flow field.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, a two-fluid blood stasis model ( Jiang et al, 2021a ; Jiang et al, 2021b ; Dai et al, 2021 ), which can locate the regions of blood stasis both in space and time was used together with conventional hemodynamic parameters such as OSI and TAWSS as well as morphological parameters, to access the influence of occlusion positions to the risk of thrombosis in the fistula of CAF patients. The approach employed in this study can better assist clinicians choosing the correct surgical plan, so that myocardial blood supply can be improved while minimizing the risk of thrombosis in the fistula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hemodynamic Analysis of the Thrombosis Within Occluded Coronary Arterial Fistulas With Terminal Aneurysms Using a Blood Stasis Model

et al. 2022

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Objective: The aim of this study is to numerically evaluate thrombosis risk within occluded coronary arterial fistulas (CAF) with terminal aneurysms, and provide guidance in choosing occlusion positions, with clinical observations as reference.Method: Four patients with CAF were studied, with different occlusion positions in actual treatments. Hemodynamics simulations were conducted, with blood residue predicted using the blood stasis model. Three types of models (untreated model, aneurysm-reserved model and aneurysm-removed model) were studeid for each patient. Four metrics, i.e., proportion of high oscillatory shear index (OSI), area of high OSI, old blood volume fraction (OBVF)) and old blood volume (OBV) was obtained to distinguish the thrombosis risk of different treatments (proximal or distal occlusion), comparing with the follow-up CTA.Results: For all the postopertive models, the high OBVF, high OSI(>0.3) and low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) regions were mainly at the distal fistula, indicating these regions were prone to thrombosis. The regions where blood residue remains are roughly regions of high OSI, corresponding well with clinical observations. In contrast, TAWSS failed to distinguish the difference in thrombosis risk. Absolute values (area of high OSI, OBV) can better reflect the degree of thrombosis risk between treatment types compared with percentage values (proportion of high OSI, OBVF). By comparing with the actual clinical treatments and observations, the OBV is superior to the area of high OSI in determining treatment type.Conclusion: The OBV, a volumetric parameter for blood stasis, can better account for the CAF thrombosis and reflect the degree of blood stasis compared with OSI or TAWSS, is a more appropriate metric for thrombosis in the fistula. Together with morphological parameters, the OBV could guide clinicians to formulate more appropriate surgical plans, which is of great significance for the preoperative evaluation and treatment prognosis of CAF patients.

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A two-phase flow approach for modeling blood stasis and estimating the thrombosis potential of a ventricular assist device

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Large eddy simulation as a fast and accurate engineering approach for the simulation of rotary blood pumps

Large eddy simulation as a fast and accurate engineering approach for the simulation of rotary blood pumps

An accelerated thrombosis model for computational fluid dynamics simulations in rotary blood pumps

A Hemodynamic Analysis of the Thrombosis Within Occluded Coronary Arterial Fistulas With Terminal Aneurysms Using a Blood Stasis Model

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