“…In the case of quantitative studies, scholars have divided their attention between a number of different PSS options to map which barriers affect which PSS configurations (e.g. Armstrong, Niinimäki, Kujala, Karell, & Lang, ; Armstrong, Niinimäki, Lang, & Kujala, ; Catulli & Reed, ; Tietze, Pieper, & Herstatt, ). The most impactful drivers of consumer adoption remain unknown (Tukker, ), and adoption of more ambitious PSS “remains a black box” (Vezzoli, Ceschin, Diehl, & Kohtala, , p. 6).…”