A Viable Model and Self-Report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence

Abstract

A four-factor model of spiritual intelligence is first proposed. Supportive evidence is reviewed for the capacities of critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, and conscious state expansion. Based on this model, a 24-item self-report measure was developed and modified across two consecutive studies (N = 619 and N = 304, respectively). The final version of the scale, the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24), displayed excellent internal reliability and good fit to the proposed model. Correlational analyses with additional measures of meaning, metapersonal self-construal, mysticism, religiosity, and social desirability offer support for construct and criterion-related validity. According to both intelligence criteria and current psychometric standards, findings validate the proposed model and measure of spiritual intelligence. Future directions are discussed.

Impact of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on the caring behavior of nurses: a dimension-level exploratory study among public hospitals in Malaysia

“…Section Two captured SI, and the scale with 24 items developed by King and DeCicco (2009) [Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI)] was adopted in this study. Section Three captured caring behaviors of nurses, and the scale with 24 items developed by Wu et al (2006) was adopted in this research.…”

“…Specifically, some authors have asserted that SI influences EI (Hosseini et Zohar & Marshall, 2000). The four dimensions of SI (King & DeCicco, 2009) are: (i) critical existential thinking (CET), (ii) personal meaning production (PMP), (iii) transcendental awareness (TA), and (iv) conscious state expansion (CSE). The four dimensions of EI (Schutte et al, 1998) are: (i) perception of emotion (PE), (ii) managing one's own emotions (ME), (iii) managing other's emotions (MOE), and (iv) utilization of emotion (UE).…”

“…It refers to an individual's ability to enter into higher or spiritual state of consciousness. This state helps an individual's mind to be in meditative and relaxed mode (King & DeCicco, 2009). When the mind is relaxed, the ability of nurses to appraise emotions accurately and discriminate between accurate and inaccurate feelings increases significantly (Mayer et al, 2004).…”

A Partial Least Squares Path Model of Principals’ Performance in School Health Services Based on Spiritual Intelligence in Tabriz Female High Schools

“…King and DeCicco (2009) extensively reviewed previous SI models, conducted empirical studies, and developed the SISRI-24, which they reported to have good internal reliability and external validity. The SISRI is a 24-item self-report scale that consists of four subscales: CET, PMP, TA, and CSE (12). Antunes et al calculated internal reliability of the full scale as estimated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.92, and the four subscales Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.78 to 0.91, which indicates that the SISRI-24 had good reliability (27) questionnaire, content validity by 12 experts was used and CVR of 0.83 and CVI of 0.81 was calculated.…”

“…King and DeCicco (2009) conducted empirical studies to investigate the factor structure of SI and identified four core components: (a) critical existential thinking (CET), which refers to thinking about the essence of reality, the world, and other existential and non-existential concerns in relation to oneself; (b) personal meaning production (PMP), which refers to finding personal meaning in all experiences and mastering the purpose of one's life (12), and necessary component of SI (13); (c) transcendental awareness (TA), which refers to identifying the means of achieving transcendence from oneself and the physical world; and (d) conscious state expansion (CSE), which refers to the ability to control how and when to enter higher states of consciousness (12). The findings of King and DeCicco also supported the notion that CET is a kind of spiritual ability, that SI consists of a set (14).…”