A visible light-triggered artificial photonic nociceptor with adaptive tunability of threshold

Gong, Guodong; Gao, Shuang; Xie, Zailai; Ye, Xiaoyu; Lü, Ying; Yang, Huali; Zhu, Xiaojian; Li, Run-Wei

doi:10.1039/d0nr07297d

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This is attributed to the fact that photogenerated carriers under strong light illumination would quickly fill up the trap states and the remaining carriers could move under applying an external electric field. When the light is excited again, photogenerated carriers do not need to fill defect states and move in a direct direction to form a current under the action of an electric field, resulting in fast damage responses to reduce the threshold value and to increase the photocurrent values [6,14]. The above simulation of key visual nociceptor characteristics demonstrates that the intrinsic 2D defective semiconductor In 2 S 3 -based phototransistor can be well used as an artificial photonic nociceptor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Once the optical signal reaches the nociceptor, it will operate in two different ways depending on the signal strength. When the input signal is lower than the threshold value, the device will not generate photoelectric signals, but when the input signal is higher than the threshold value, the device will respond quickly [6,14,19]. Figures 1(c)-(e) depict In 2 S 3 defective semiconductorbased two terminal planar devices for mimicking a visual nociceptor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to UV light, other wavelengths of light, such as visible light, can still cause damage to tissue upon overexposure [10][11][12][13]; therefore, it is extremely important to simulate nociceptor characteristics in a wide wavelength range. Gong et al [14] reproduced the pain perception characteristics under visible light irradiation in a simple ITO/CeO 2−x /Pt sandwich structure. Xu et al [15] reported that the Au/Ga 2 O 3 (N 2 ):TiO 2 /ITO device responded to a wide range of visible light spectra with high-level similarities to the functionalities of optical nociceptors in the human eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In₂S₃ for artificial photonic nociceptor

Wang

Xue

et al. 2023

Mater. Futures

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To develop an advanced artificial intelligent optoelectronic information system, to accurately simulate the photonic nociceptors, like the process of activation of a human visual nociceptive pathway, is of great significance. The visible light reaches the retina for human visual perception, but its excessive exposure can cause tissue damage. However, there are relatively few reports on visible light-triggered nociceptors. Here, we introduce a two-dimensional natural defective III-VI semiconductor β-In2S3 and utilize its broad spectral response including visible light brought by intrinsic defects for visible light triggered artificial photonic nociceptor. The response mode of the device, under visible light excitation, is very similar to that of the human eye, and it perfectly reproduces the pain perception characteristics of the human visual system, such as “threshold”, “relaxation”, “no adaptation”, and “sensitization”. Its working principle is attributed to the mechanism of charge trapping associated with the intrinsic vacancies in In2S3 nanosheets. This work provides an attractive material system (intrinsic defective semiconductors) for broadband artificial photonic nociceptor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In₂S₃ for artificial photonic nociceptor

Wang

Xue

et al. 2023

Mater. Futures

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“…This pain-perceptual function is very critical for the artificial intelligent systems because it enables them to respond to changes in the real world [15]. Recently, the memristors have also been used to simulate all key characteristics of a PPN including threshold, inadaptation, relaxation and sensitization [2, 13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native drift and Mott nanochannel in layered V2O5 film for synaptic and nociceptive simulation

et al. 2022

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The integration and cooperation of nociceptors, neurons and synapses in the biological nervous system empower humans to efficiently perceive and process noxious information for avoiding dangers. Inspired by biological nervous systems, current artificial demonstrations include electrolyte-gate transistors, electrochemical metallization resistive switching devices and halide perovskite-based memristors. However, these devices suffer from integration difficulties and instability issues. Herein, we introduce a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible simple and stable Pt/V 2 O 5 /Pt sandwich structure and carefully construct and modulate the suboxide V 2 O 5−x and Mott VO 2 nanochannels in the layered V 2 O 5 matrix to simulate brain-like processing and nervous pain perception functions, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy of handwritten digits reaches 80% after only 5 training epochs and 89% after 52 epochs in a convolutional neural network based on the V 2 O 5−x nanochannel synaptic device. The nociceptor with all key characteristics is perfectly imitated based on the VO 2 nanochannel threshold switching device. Especially, an ultralow threshold level of 0.4 V and sub-millisecond incubation time are observed in the nociceptor simulation, which could be needed in special injury situations. The proposed drift and Mott nanochannels in one device hold a tremendous potential as synaptic and nociceptive emulators for artificial intelligence systems.

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“…Nociceptor, one of the most distinguishing sensory receptors in human body, is crucial to the survival and wellbeing of human in the real world. [1][2][3] Among various types of nociceptors, photoexcited corneal nociceptor (PCN) is the first line of defense against noxious light stimuli and protects eyes from potential dangers. [4] It can detect noxious light stimuli and generates/ transmits pain signals to the central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Based Photoelectric Neuromorphic Transistors for Modulable Photoexcited Corneal Nociceptor Emulation

Zhu

et al. 2021

Adv Elect Materials

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And once the noxious light stimulus is interrupted, the PCN is gradually closed for a time span, known as the relaxation time. Interestingly, the required noxious light stimulus to reactivate the PCN become lower than the threshold during the relaxation period, because the PCN is partially excited. [7,8] Unlike retinal photoreceptors which are adapted to persistently light stimulus by slowly reducing the sensitivity, [6] PCN shows "no adaptation" to noxious light stimuli. In contrast, the sensitivity of the PCN is enhanced when the noxious light stimulus is excessively strong and leads to eye injury. In the wounded state, the PCN reduces threshold (allodynia), and enhances the response to noxious light stimuli (hyperalgesia). [9,[12][13][14] More interestingly, pain can be regulated by CNS, known as the central painmodulation. And central pain-modulation mainly includes central sensitization and analgesic effect. The changes of neuronal properties in CNS can cause central sensitization which is an overexcited state of CNS and shows to produce pain hypersensitivity and enhance pain in noninflamed tissue, making the human eyes hyperalert and protecting eyes from further potential damage. [15][16][17] However, due to the complicated nervous system, CNS modulation also can produce analgesic effect to relieve pain by normalizing hyperexcitable central neural activity. [18,19] In this regard, endowing humanoid robots and artificial eyes with such PCN and central pain-modulation functionalities is a quite essential step toward the development of artificial intelligence and human-like sensory electronics. However, mimicking such a highly complicated nociceptor system with complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor based sensors can hardly be achieved. [20,21] Therefore, to simplify the device structure, new functional materials and electronic devices are highly desirable.In fact, various emerging optoelectronic devices have been proposed for the implementation of the PCN characteristics. For instance, single photoelectric memristor has been applied to capture the similarity of biological PCN. [5,7] Also, an artificial mode-regulable photonic nociceptor was developed based on a novel 2D transistor. [22] Many typical features of the PCN Photoexcited corneal nociceptor (PCN) can recognize the noxious light stimulus and generate/transmit pain signals to the central nervous system, enabling the early-warning and/or risk avoidance for the individual. Futhermore, central pain-modulation can enhance pain or relieve pain, which greatly assists human adaptation to environments. Emulation of PCN and central pain-modulation by neuromorphic devices will greatly improve the intelligence and adaptation of humanoid robots and artificial eyes in the real world. Here, amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) based photoelectric neuromorphic transistors are fabricated with chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposite electrolyte membranes as the gate dielectrics as well as the mechanical supports. PCN characteristics, including threshold, no-ada...

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A visible light-triggered artificial photonic nociceptor with adaptive tunability of threshold

Abstract: An energy-efficient visible light-triggered artificial photonic nociceptor is demonstrated, which opens up a new avenue towards the development of future intelligent and low-power perceptual systems, such as visual prostheses and humanoid robots.

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In₂S₃ for artificial photonic nociceptor

Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In₂S₃ for artificial photonic nociceptor

Native drift and Mott nanochannel in layered V2O5 film for synaptic and nociceptive simulation

Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Based Photoelectric Neuromorphic Transistors for Modulable Photoexcited Corneal Nociceptor Emulation

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A visible light-triggered artificial photonic nociceptor with adaptive tunability of threshold

Abstract: An energy-efficient visible light-triggered artificial photonic nociceptor is demonstrated, which opens up a new avenue towards the development of future intelligent and low-power perceptual systems, such as visual prostheses and humanoid robots.

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In2S3 for artificial photonic nociceptor

Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In2S3 for artificial photonic nociceptor

Native drift and Mott nanochannel in layered V2O5 film for synaptic and nociceptive simulation

Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Based Photoelectric Neuromorphic Transistors for Modulable Photoexcited Corneal Nociceptor Emulation

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Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In₂S₃ for artificial photonic nociceptor

Intrinsic vacancy in 2D defective semiconductor In₂S₃ for artificial photonic nociceptor