“…The attributes from the object database and the equations of the energy sub-models, identified from SAP/BREDEM (DECC/BRE 2010) and used to evaluate the energy performance of the dwelling, include: heat losses due to ventilation, heat losses from building fabric such as doors, windows, roof, floor and walls, energy demand for water heating, internal gains from occupant metabolism, lighting and electrical appliances, cooking, water heating and boiler pumps for space and water heating and losses from evaporation; and external gains due to solar radiation through windows, space heating demand depending on the building geometry, heat losses, difference between internal temperature demand and external temperature and fraction of living space to total dwelling area, energy required by the heating system to meet the total (water and space) heat demand, electricity required for pumps, lighting and electrical appliances, energy cost depending on amount of electricity required from the grid and type and amount of fuel required for space and water heating, SAP rating based on the total cost of energy use (for space heating and lighting) normalized to the floor area of the dwelling, and CO 2 emissions based on amount of electricity and total amount of fuel for space heating and water and their emission factors. The parameters affecting each attribute and the relationship among attributes are explained in Mhalas et al (2013).…”