“…In Asian contexts, a significant body of literature has demonstrated how mobile labourers have been differentially characterised in racialised and gendered ways within colonial regimes of control and the contemporary migration industry as workers who are docile, submissive, deviant, healthy, compliant, caring, and fit (see, e.g. Markkula, 2021;Carter and Torabully 2002;Datta 2016;Anderson 2006;Tyner 2004;Deboneville and Killias 2019). In the case of migrant women, we have come to understand through diverse ethnographies how processes of racialisation and exploitation (by states, employers, and the wider society) keep migrants in situations of prolonged social exclusion, vulnerability and precarity (Silvey and Parreñas 2020).…”