A $W$-Band Monolithic Integrated Active Hot and Cold Noise Source

Diebold, S.; Weißbrodt, Ernst; Maßler, H.; Leuther, A.; Tessmann, A.; Kallfass, Ingmar

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2014.2299770

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For the highest band, an in-house-built noise-generator WM-864 module is used containing an active hot-/cold-load MMIC. A similarly working MMIC, operating in W -band (75-110 GHz), is described in [24]. The actual NFs are measured with a Keysight NF analyzer and commercially available down-converter modules.…”

Section: A Small-signal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Demonstration of Distributed Amplifier MMICs With More Than 300-GHz Bandwidth

Thome

Leuther

2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article reports on the first demonstration of distributed amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) with a bandwidth (BW) of more than 300 GHz. The three presented circuits utilize a uniform traveling-wave amplifier topology with six, eight, and ten unit cells, respectively. In this article, the impact of the connection between the gate line and the transistors on the achievable performance is investigated. It is demonstrated that a short connection clearly provides a more favorable combination of BW, input matching, and losses on the gate line. Thus, it is possible to extend the BW beyond 300 GHz while utilizing transistors with a gate width of 2 × 10 µm. The MMICs are fabricated in a 35-nm gate-length InGaAs metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistor technology. The MMIC with six unit cells exhibits a noise figure (NF) between 3.5 and 8.2 dB for a noise-optimized bias from 1 GHz up to the measurement limit of 308 GHz. The MMIC with ten unit cells achieves a minimum NF of 2 dB for frequencies of around 50 GHz and stays below 10 dB for the entire band. Furthermore, for a power-optimized bias, the same circuit generates an output power between 8.7 and 14.8 dBm for a frequency range from 1 to 250 GHz.

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Section: A Small-signal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Demonstration of Distributed Amplifier MMICs With More Than 300-GHz Bandwidth

Thome

Leuther

2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…Case 1: When x m and x n are observed at different times cov (T j<i (t j ) , T i (t i = t j )) = 0 (21) cov (v j (t j ) , T i (t i = t j )) = 0 (22) as calibration target temperatures are independent processes, whose samples are IID Gaussian random variables, and the gain process is also independent of them, and cov (v j<i (t j ) , v i (t i = t j )) = cov (g (t j ) , g (t i = t j ))…”

Section: Appendix a Proof Of Equation (11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nonstationary Radiometer Gain Using Ensemble Detection

Aksoy

Rajabi

Racette

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Radiometer gain is generally a nonstationary random process, even though it is assumed to be strictly or weakly stationary. Since the radiometer gain signal cannot be observed independently, analysis of its nonstationary properties would be challenging. However, using the time series of postgain voltages to form an ensemble set, the radiometer gain may be characterized via radiometer calibration. In this article, the ensemble detection algorithm is presented by which the unknown radiometer gain can be analytically characterized when it is following a Gaussian model (as a strictly stationary process) or a 1st order autoregressive, AR(1) model (as a weakly stationary process). In addition, in a particular radiometer calibration scheme, the nonstationary gain can also be represented as either Gaussian or AR(1) process, and parameters of such an equivalent gain model can be retrieved. However, unlike stationary or weakly stationary gain, retrieved parameters of the Gaussian and AR(1) processes, which describe the nonstationary gain, highly depend on the calibration setup and timings. Index Terms-Autoregressive AR(1) model, ensemble detection, nonstationary radiometer gain, radiometer calibration. I. INTRODUCTION R ADIOMETERS are widely used to measure geophysical parameters to examine variations in the earth and planetary systems. These measurements typically need to be obtained over large temporal or spatial scales. However, enhanced radiometric accuracy and sensitivity are required in microwave radiometry, as an accurate radiometer facilitates the possibility of high-resolution contrasts in variations of physical parameters from the rest of the measured noise. For instance, the retrieval of geophysical parameters, such as precipitable water vapor, ocean surface salinity, wind measurements, and liquid and ice water paths require enhanced accuracy and finer resolution [1]-[5]. Thus, given the increasing importance of radiometer calibration in deriving greater geophysical information from Manuscript

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Physical temperature sensing of targets with shelters under indoor scenes by a revised Ku band microwave radiometer

Tian,

ZhuGe,

et al. 2024

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

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A $W$-Band Monolithic Integrated Active Hot and Cold Noise Source

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

First Demonstration of Distributed Amplifier MMICs With More Than 300-GHz Bandwidth

First Demonstration of Distributed Amplifier MMICs With More Than 300-GHz Bandwidth

Analysis of Nonstationary Radiometer Gain Using Ensemble Detection

Physical temperature sensing of targets with shelters under indoor scenes by a revised Ku band microwave radiometer

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