Ab initio dispersion polymerization of styrene in the presence of the poly(methacrylic acid) macro-RAFT agent

Abstract

Stable, spherical, polystyrene particles were synthesized in ab initio dispersion polymerization by using the poly(methacrylic acid)[PMAA] macro-RAFT agent. The presence of the PMAA macro-RAFT agent on the polystyrene (PS) particles was confirmed by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The PS particle size was influenced by the concentration of the RAFT agent and monomer due to the initial nucleation. When the concentration of the PMAA macro-RAFT agent was increased from 2 to 10 wt% relative to the monomer, the average particle size decreased from 2.31 to 1.36 μm, the conversion decreased from 93.3 to 88.9%, the weight-average molecular weight increased from 46,300 to 150,200 g mol -1 and the PDI decreased from 2.79 to 1.94, respectively. In particular, the incorporation of 10 wt% of PMAA macro-RAFT agent produced monodisperse PS spheres of 1.36 μm with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.44%. Thus, the PMAA macro-RAFT agent worked as a reactive steric stabilizer providing monodisperse, micron-sized, PS particles.

Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Nanoparticles: Effects of Different Cationic Surfactants

“…The IR spectra from Fig. 2 were confirmed the formation of PMAA nanoparticles prepared via emulsion polymerization technique and this observation was correlated with the similar pattern of IR spectra of PMAA nanoparticles that has been performed from the previous study [20]. Generally, by using different types of surfactant to synthesize PMAA nanoparticles, it shows that no significant effect to the formation of PMAA nanoparticles.…”

Synthesis of ArF photoresist polymer composed of three methacrylate monomers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization

“…The integrations of the peaks at 6.23, 6.07, and 6.01 ppm were 0. 18 The molar feed ratios of monomers, EAdMA/GBLMA/HAdMA=2:2:1. b Conversion of each monomer measured by 1 H NMR spectra ( Figure 2(b)), represented as EAdMA/GBLMA/HAdMA. c Composition of polymers measured by 1 H NMR spectra (Figure 2 Lithographic Performance Evaluation.…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14] Living radical polymerization (LRP) have been used to prepare polymers with various structures, low PDI values, and controlled molecular weight. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Furthermore, copolymers with uniform compositions and sizes can be prepared through LRP of monomers having different reactivities, even though these polymers probably have gradient composition distributions. [10][11][12][13][14] Figure 1 describes a possible schematic diagram for the growth of copolymers from three monomers with different reactivities through FRP and LRP, as predicted from each polymerization mechanism of FRP and LRP.…”

Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymers by a combination of cobalt-mediated radical polymerization and RAFT polymerization and their use in dispersion polymerization under UV radiation

“…These block copolymers acted as in situ stabilizers, possibly leading to the formation of micelles. There are several reports on the production of hairy polymeric particles via thermally initiated dispersion polymerization of vinyl monomers using macro-CTAs [21][22][23]. The presence of PVAc-b-P4VP hairy chains anchored on the surface of PSt particles were confirmed using 1 H NMR and TEM analyses.…”