Ability of wedelolactone, heparin, and para-bromophenacyl bromide to antagonize the myotoxic effects of two crotaline venoms and their PLA2 myotoxins

Melo, Paulo A.; Ownby, Charlotte L.

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00183-4

Cited by 129 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…terrificus venom or B. jararaca, which was injected at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Previous studies showed that im injection of 0.1 ml PSS has no effect on plasma CK levels (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We have previously shown that heparin and other polyanions inhibit the increase of creatine kinase (CK) release induced by crotalid venoms in mice (5)(6)(7)(8). We ascribed this antagonism to the formation of acid-base complexes between the basic myotoxins of the venoms and the polyanion compounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both protocols the final volume of venom injected, alone or plus suramin, was 0.1 ml. The venom doses were selected based on previous studies (5)(6)(7)(8). The animals were lightly anesthetized with diethyl ether immediately before and 2 h after venom injection for blood collection according to the guidelines for care and use of laboratory animals (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma was separated by centrifugation and stored at 4ºC for subsequent determination of CK activity. The procedure for the measurement of CK activity has been described previously (1,(5)(6)(7)(8). Enzyme activity is reported as international units per liter (U/l), where 1 U is the amount that catalyzes the transformation of 1 µmol of substrate at 25ºC.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of suramin on myotoxicity of some crotalid snake venoms

Arruda

Silva

Moraes

et al. 2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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We investigated the protective effect of suramin, an enzyme inhibitor and an uncoupler of G protein from receptors, on the myotoxic activity in mice of different crotalid snake venoms (A.c. laticinctus, C.v. viridis, C.d. terrificus, B. jararacussu, B. moojeni, B. alternatus, B. jararaca, L. muta). Myotoxicity was evaluated in vivo by injecting im the venoms (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) dissolved in physiological saline solution (0.1 ml) and measuring plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. Two experimental approaches were used in mice (N = 5 for each group). In protocol A, 1 mg of each venom was incubated with 1.0 mg suramin (15 min, 37ºC, in vitro), and then injected im into the mice at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg (in vivo). In protocol B, venoms, 1.0 mg/kg, were injected im 15 min prior to suramin (1.0 mg/kg, iv). Before and 2 h after the im injection blood was collected by orbital puncture. Plasma was separated and stored at 4ºC for determination of CK activity using a diagnostic kit from Sigma. Preincubation of some venoms (C.v. viridis, A.c. laticinctus, C.d. terrificus and B. jararacussu) with suramin reduced (37-76%) the increase in plasma CK, except for B. alternatus, B. jararaca or L. muta venoms. Injection of suramin after the venom partially protected (34-51%) against the myotoxicity of B. jararacussu, A.c. laticinctus and C.d. terrificus venom, and did not protect against C.v. viridis, L. muta, B. moojeni, B. alternatus or B. jararaca venoms. These results show that suramin has an antimyotoxic effect against some, but not all the North and South American crotalid snake venoms studied here.

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“…terrificus venom or B. jararaca, which was injected at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Previous studies showed that im injection of 0.1 ml PSS has no effect on plasma CK levels (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of suramin on myotoxicity of some crotalid snake venoms

Arruda

Silva

Moraes

et al. 2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…When varying the incubation time of venom and extract (5, 15, 30 and 60 min; results not shown) a similar electrophoretic pattern was obtained. Other mechanisms of action (inhibition of the catalytic activity of snake venoms and their enzymes, i.e., phospholipase A 2 , metalloproteinase inhibition by the presence of metal-chelator substances in the extracts) have been proposed for plant extracts in venom neutralization (12,13,(30)(31)(32). With the exception of C. limon, D. croatii and F. nymphaeifolia, all the extracts studied here showed neutralizing ability against phospholipase A 2 activity (indirect hemolysis) of B. asper venom as well as partial neutralization of myonecrosis induced by this venom (12, and Otero R, Núñez V, Barona J, Jiménez S, Fonnegra R and Osorio RG, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization of the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom by extracts of plants used by healers in Colombia

Núñez

Otero

Barona

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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We determined the neutralizing activity of 12 ethanolic extracts of plants against the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom in Swiss Webster mice. The material used consisted of the leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plant of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae) and Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae), Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae) and Dracontium croatii (Araceae), and the ripe fruit of Citrus limon (Rutaceae). After preincubation of varying amounts of each extract with either 1.0 µg venom for the edema-forming effect or 2.0 µg venom for the defibrinating effect, the mixture was injected subcutaneously (sc) into the right foot pad or intravenously into the tail, respectively, to groups of four mice (18-20 g). All extracts (6.2-200 µg/mouse) partially neutralized the edema-forming activity of venom in a dose-dependent manner (58-76% inhibition), with B. orellana, S. orbicularis, G. panamensis, B. rosademonte, and D. croatii showing the highest effect. Ten extracts (3.9-2000 µg/mouse) also showed 100% neutralizing ability against the defibrinating effect of venom, and nine prolonged the coagulation time induced by the venom. When the extracts were administered either before or after venom injection, the neutralization of the edema-forming effect was lower than 40% for all extracts, and none of them neutralized the defibrinating effect of venom. When they were administered in situ (sc at the same site 5 min after venom injection), the neutralization of edema increased for six extracts, reaching levels up to 64% for C. limon.

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