Abnormal Signatures Recorded by FORMOSAT-2 and FORMOSAT-3 over South Atlantic Anomaly and Polar Region

Lee, Tsung Ping; Rajesh, P. K.; Chen, Chao Yen; Liu, Jann Yenq; Fong, Chen-Joe; Pon, Jar Chen; Yang, Shan Kuo; Chang, Guey Shin

doi:10.3319/tao.2014.02.26.01(aa)

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, there is apparently less number of MSTIDs over the 50–100°W longitudes. Though the close proximity to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) usually hinders space‐based observations over this region, in case of energetic particles affecting the measurements, the on board control systems on FORMOSAT‐2 are set to automatically reboot/reset the electronics and avoid measurements to minimize any damage [ Lee et al ., ]. Moreover, as demonstrated by Lee et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, as demonstrated by Lee et al . [], since ISUAL views toward the limb from an orbit approximately 30° to the west of tangent plane, it could still image part of this region when the spacecraft is actually out of the SAA area. This is especially true for the tangent plane near 100°W that also recorded less MSTID events, for which satellite is unlikely influenced by SAA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Space‐based imaging of nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using FORMOSAT‐2/ISUAL 630.0 nm airglow observations

et al. 2016

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This paper reports the results of space‐based imaging of nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) in 630.0 nm emission by Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightnings (ISUAL), on board FORMOSAT‐2 satellite. The limb integrated measurements, after removing background, reveal multiple bands of intensity perturbation when projected to a horizontal plane corresponding to the altitude of peak emission, with distinct southwest to northeast orientation in the Southern Hemisphere. Simulations are carried out by artificially introducing MSTID fluctuations in model electron density to confirm if the MSTID could be identified in the ISUAL‐viewing geometry. The ISUAL observations in year 2007 are further used to investigate the MSTID features as well as occurrence characteristics in the Southern Hemisphere, most of which are over the ocean where no ground‐based observations are available. The preliminary statistics shows more MSTID occurrence in solstices with peak in June–July months. Majority of the MSTID perturbations have wavelength in the range 150–300 km, and the wavefronts are aligned at about 30°–50° from the east‐west plane. The statistic results of the orientation of wavefronts indicate that Es layer instability might be important in the MSTID generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space‐based imaging of nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using FORMOSAT‐2/ISUAL 630.0 nm airglow observations

et al. 2016

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“…Recent observations from the Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning on board the FORMOSAT-2 indicate that the limb intensity (the view horizontally from the satellite) of the red line can achieve 1000 Rayleigh under quiet conditions at the eastern edge of the SAA [ 61 ]. Considering that the length of the optical path for limb observation is roughly 20 times that of the nadir observation for a satellite at the height of approximately 900 km, the nadir intensity is estimated to be about 50 Rayleigh, which is difficult to observe from the ground with the human eye.…”

Section: Historical Views On Saa Aurorasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equatorial aurora: the aurora-like airglow in the negative magnetic anomaly

Wei

Wan

2020

National Science Review

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The most fantastic optical phenomena in the Earth's upper atmosphere are the auroras. They are highly informative indicators of solar activity, geomagnetic activity, upper atmospheric structures and dynamics, and magnetospheric energetic particles. An area where the geomagnetic field differs significantly from the expected symmetric dipole, such as at the South Atlantic Anomaly, where the magnetic field intensity is low, gives rise to stronger precipitation of energetic particles into the upper atmosphere. Impact excitation and the subsequent airglow emissions exhibit aurora-like dynamic signatures. Nomenclatures of nonpolar aurora or equatorial auroras are similar to those used with the polar auroras owing to their similar excitation mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of the knowledge and the challenges concerning auroral activity at the South Atlantic Anomaly, or more generally, at the negative magnetic anomaly. We emphasize systematic investigation of the equatorial auroras to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution of the magnetic anomaly and the behaviour of energetic particles in near-Earth space.

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“…populations include upsets in electronics and false counts in detectors [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Although such effects are well known through repeated experience and can be mitigated to a certain degree through design, testing and operations, new susceptibilities may be discovered when innovative hardware is introduced to the space environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Charged Particle Fluxes Associated With CALIPSO Low Laser Energy Shots

Rodriguez

Verhappen

Weimer³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The cloud-aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observation (CALIPSO) mission was launched on 28 April 2006 into a 705-km Sun-synchronous orbit. At launch, the lidar laser canisters were filled with dry air at 130 kPa. The redundant canister pressure has dropped during the mission, reaching 7.6 kPa by late December 2021. Starting on June 23, 2016, individual laser shots started to exhibit anomalously low energies in regions of enhanced energetic charged particle fluxes. Small at first (<1 mJ), drops in laser energy up to 61 mJ have been observed. This study determines the energetic charged particle populations associated spatially with low laser energy shots and the degree to which time variations in the low laser energy shots can be explained by time variations in the energetic charged particle fluxes. Particle observations from the NOAA-19 medium energy proton and electron detector (MEPED) are traced down magnetic field lines to estimate the fluxes at CALIPSO altitudes that are associated with individual low-energy shots. Predictions of the stability of particle bounce and drift motions in the geomagnetic field are used to sort low-energy shots and fluxes into different radiation belt regions. While most of the low-energy shots occur in the inner belt, there are clear spatial associations with outer belt electrons and with galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). As canister pressure has decreased, GCRs and electrons have become more effective in causing larger laser energy drops. Index Terms-Cloud-aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observation (CALIPSO), galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), ionizing radiation, lidar, low-Earth orbit (LEO), medium energy proton and electron detector (MEPED), radiation belts. I. INTRODUCTIONS ATELLITES in polar orbits at low altitudes pass through regions of energetic charged particle radiation that present a hazard to flight hardware and interfere with the proper operation of scientific instruments. These populations respond in a wide variety of ways to geomagnetic and solar activity and exhibit different altitude variations. Effects of these Manuscript

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Abnormal Signatures Recorded by FORMOSAT-2 and FORMOSAT-3 over South Atlantic Anomaly and Polar Region

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Space‐based imaging of nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using FORMOSAT‐2/ISUAL 630.0 nm airglow observations

Space‐based imaging of nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using FORMOSAT‐2/ISUAL 630.0 nm airglow observations

Equatorial aurora: the aurora-like airglow in the negative magnetic anomaly

Charged Particle Fluxes Associated With CALIPSO Low Laser Energy Shots

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