Abortifacient efficacy of aqueous-acetone extracts of Adenopus breviflorus Benth seed in female albino rats

Abstract

The present study evaluated the abortifacient potential of aqueous-acetone extract of Adenopus breviflorus Benth Seed on the reproductive health of matured female albino rats by monitoring the indices of dysfunctions in reproductive system. Prior to the conduction of the fertility studies, the oral acute toxicity of the seed extract was evaluated for autonomic, behavioral and neurological changes, within 24 h to determine the LD 50 .The influence of aqueous-acetone extract of Adenopus breviflorus Benth Seed was evaluated for antioxidant, reproductive hormones and histology of uteri tissues primarily to monitor effects in female fertility. Female rats exhibiting thick clump of spermatozoa in their vaginal smear were randomly selected and used for the study to determine the abortifacient activity of the seed extract. Parameters such as number of live and dead fetuses, anogenital distance (AGD) and crown rump length (CRL), and the variation in birth weight of liters and gestation period between control and experimental animals were determined. The phytochemical composition of the seed extract was characterized by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry for the identification of phytochemical of toxic or therapeutic effects. Symptoms similar to clinical toxicity such as salivation, respiratory distress, weight loss and change in appearance of hair were noticed at concentrations above 1600 mg/kg BWT, there was no maternal mortality at any period of the experiment. There were changes in the behavioural, neurological and autonomic profile in groups with doses greater than 1600 mg/kg BWT. The LD50 evaluation showed that the aqueous-acetone extract of the seed was safe at dose of 5000 mg/kg BWT. The GC–MS characterization of the aqueous-acetone seed revealed isomeric derivatives of benzene-mesitylene and pseudocumene 4.28 g/100 g of sample) and 5.85 g/100 g of sample respectively as most predominant phytochemicals in the seed extract which demonstrated maternal toxicity. The effects on the female reproductive hormones of the treated animals revealed that FSH, LH and prolactin were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in all the treated groups by the extract. Progesterone (PH) and estrogen (EH) were also reduced significantly. The study revealed scientific evidence in support of the abortifacient activity of seed extract that was significantly corresponding to the discovered phytochemical compounds.

Identifying Potential p53‐MDM2 Interaction Antagonists: An Integrated Approach of Pharmacophore‐Based Virtual Screening, Interaction Fingerprinting, MD Simulation and DFT Studies

“…In order to compare the toxicity or potency of different chemicals, the same effect must be measured by researchers. One common means of achieving this is to carry out LD 50 tests (lethality testing), through the measurement of the amount of a chemical that is required to cause death [59] . The pkCSM prediction output shows the predicted concentration of each drug candidates given at once that will lead to the death of 50 % of a group of test animals (Table 4).…”

“…One common means of achieving this is to carry out LD 50 tests (lethality testing), through the measurement of the amount of a chemical that is required to cause death. [59] The pkCSM prediction output shows the predicted concentration of each drug candidates given at once that will lead to the death of 50 % of a group of test animals (Table 4). The human Ether-àgo-go-Related Gene (hERG) gene codes for the K v 11.1 protein, which is a potassium ion channel alpha subunit.…”

Alstonia boonei Leaf Mitigated Deleterious Effects of Experimental Type-II-Diabetes-Mellitus against Pancreatic and Neurocognitive Functions

“…The quest for these features in a drug has caused the shift of focus to medicinal plants to offer new and promising efficiency in drugs with minimal side effects and economical [20]. The dependence of human on herbs for pharmacological interventions could result into toxic outcomes, this outcomes had persisted before the advent of orthodox medicine [21]. Antioxidants such as flavonoids, coumarins, curcuminoids, xanthons, phenolics, and terpenoids are present in various plant products [22].…”