Above- and below-ground net primary production of four barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) cultivars in western Canada

Xu, Jianguo; Juma, N. G.

doi:10.4141/cjps92-138

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Pietola and Alakukku (2005) found 59 to 80% of the total root biomass for cereal and summer rapeseed crops was concentrated in the upper 20 cm of soil. Similar results have been obtained for cereals (Campbell et al 1977;Buyanovsky and Wagner 1986;Xu and Juma 1992;Bolinder et al 1997). Based on our results, the three pulses and flax can be regarded as shallow-rooting crops and are more likely to suffer from water deficiency in top soils than Brassica species and wheat in drought years.…”

Section: Root Biomass and Dstributionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The loss of root mass after reaching a maximum (flowering to podding) is probably due to a transfer of assimilates into the developing grains (Campbell et al 1983). It is also possible that older roots decay after plants complete their flowering (Xu and Juma 1992). These results indicate root mass will change during plant development, and the intensity of the change will depend largely upon crop species as well as soil and environmental conditions.…”

Section: Root Biomass and Dstributionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Gregory et al (1978) reported that the root decrease after reaching a maximum occurred in the 0-to 40-cm depth, while, at the same time, root mass increased below the 40-cm depth. In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Xu and Juma (1992) found root mass increased until heading then decreased or remained constant thereafter, while the AG plant biomass kept increasing to maturity. The loss of root mass after reaching a maximum (flowering to podding) is probably due to a transfer of assimilates into the developing grains (Campbell et al 1983).…”

Section: Root Biomass and Dstributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rotating these broadleaf crops with cereals has shown both short-and long-term benefits. In the short term, diverse cropping systems improve nutrient-and water-use efficiency , increase grain yield and quality of subsequent crops , break disease cycles and provide more options for pest control (Krupinsky et al 2002), and improve overall economic returns of cropping system (Zentner et al 2001). In the longer term, crop diversification with pulses enhances the N supplying power of soil, leading to reduced requirements for inorganic fertilizers in subsequent crops (Campbell et al 2004), and improves the biochemical and microbiological attributes of the soil (Biederbeck et al 2005).…”

Section: Mots Clé Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile

Gan¹,

Campbell²,

Janzen³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2009. Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 883Á893. Crop roots transport water and nutrients to the plants, produce nutrients when they decompose in soil, and provide organic C to facilitate the process of C sequestration in the soil. Many studies on these subjects have been published for cereal crops, but little is known for oilseed and pulse crops. This study was conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, in 2006 and 2007 to characterize the root growth and distribution profile in soil for selected oilseed and pulse crops. Three oilseed [canola (Brassica napus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)], three pulse crops [chickpea (Cicer arietinum L), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)], and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in 100 cm deep )15 cm diameter lysimeters pushed into a silt loam soil. Crops were studied under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Lysimeters were removed from the field and sampled for above-ground (AG) and root mass at different depths at five growth stages. Root mass was highest for canola (1470 kg ha(1 ) and wheat (1311 kg ha ). The root mass of oilseeds and pulses reached a maximum between late-flowering and late-pod stages and then decreased to maturity, while wheat root mass decreased to maturity after reaching a maximum at boot stage. On average, about 77 to 85% of the root mass was located in the 0 (40 cm depth. Canola, mustard, and wheat rooted to 100 cm, while the pulses and flax had only 4 to 7% of the root mass beyond the 60 cm depth. Irrigation only increased root mass in the 0Á20 cm depth. Roots developed more rapidly than AG biomass initially, but the ratio of root biomass to AG biomass decreased with plant maturity. At maturity, the ratio of root biomass to AG biomass was 0.11 for dry pea, and between 0.20 and 0.22 for the other crops tested. Our findings on rooting depths and root mass distribution in the soil profile should be useful for modelling water and nutrient uptake by crops, estimating C inputs into soil from roots, and developing diverse cropping systems with cereals, oilseeds and pulses for semiarid environments. Les cultures ont e´te´e´tudie´es sous re´gime pluvial et sous irrigation. Les lysime`tres ont e´te´retire´s du champ, puis on les a e´chantillonne´s afin de mesurer la masse des organes ae´riens et celle des racines a`diverses profondeurs, a`cinq stades de croissance. Ce sont le canola et le ble´qui enregistrent la plus forte masse racinaire (1 470 kg et 1 311 kg par hectare, respectivement). Suivent la moutarde (893 kg par hectare) et le pois chiche (848 kg par hectare), le pois et le lin arrivant bon derniers (524 kg et 440 kg par hectare, respectivement). La masse racinaire des ole´agineux et des le´gumineuses atteint un maximum entre la fin de la floraison et la fin de la production des gousses. Ensuite, elle diminue jusqu'a`ce que la plante parvienne a`maturite´. En revanche, la masse racinaire du ble´commence a`diminu...

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Section: Root Biomass and Dstributionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Root Biomass and Dstributionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Root Biomass and Dstributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mots Clé Smentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile

Gan¹,

Campbell²,

Janzen³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Davenport and Thomas (1988) compared C partitioning in corn and bromegrass using '*C-labelled CO2 and found that labelled C released from roots to soil by bromegrass was twice as much as by corn. Xu and Juma (1992) measured the net production of shoots and roots of four barley cultivars and found more root mass under Abee than under Samson at the stem extension, heading and ripening stages in a field experiment. The root length followed a similar trend as root mass for these barley cultivars.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations of shoot C, root C and root length with root-released C of two barley cultivars and the decomposition of root-released C in soil

Xu¹,

Juma²

1994

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Xu, J. G. and Juma, N. G. 1994. Relations of shoot C, root C and root length with root-released C of two barley cultivars "trd th. decomposition ofroot-released C in soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 74: 17-22. The production and utilization of root-derived C is fundamental io the functioning of ecosystems. The objectives of this experiment were to quantify the amount of root-released C produced by two barley (Hoideum,ilgorc L.) cultivars, to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of shoot C, root C and root length on the root-released C and to quantify the kinetics of the decomposition of root-released C in soil for two barley

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A color composite technique for detecting root dynamics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from minirhizotron images

1993

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Quantification of root dynamics by destructive methods is confounded by high coefficients of variation and loss of fine roots. The minirhizotron technique is non-destructive and allows for sequential root observations to be made at the same depth in situ. Observations can be stored on video tape which facilitates data handling and computer-aided image processing. A color composite technique using digital image analyses was adapted in this study to detect barley root dynamics from sequential minirhizotron images. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in boxes (80 × 80 × 75 cm) containing soil from a surface horizon of a Typic Cryoboroll. A minirhizotron was installed at a 45 °C angle in each box. Roots intersecting the minirhizotron were observed and video-recorded at tillering, stem extension, heading, dough and ripening growth stages. The images from a particular depth were digitized from the analog video then registered to each other. Discrimination of roots from the soil matrix gave quantitative estimates of root appearance and disappearance. Changes in root appearance and disappearance were detected by assigning a separate primary color (red, green, blue) to selected growth stages, then overlaying the images to create red-green and red-green-blue color composites. The resulting composites allowed for a visual interpretation and quantification of barley root dynamics in situ.

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Above- and below-ground net primary production of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars in western Canada

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile

Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile

Relations of shoot C, root C and root length with root-released C of two barley cultivars and the decomposition of root-released C in soil

A color composite technique for detecting root dynamics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from minirhizotron images

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