Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile

Gan, Yantai; Campbell, C. A.; Janzen, H. H.; Lemke, R.; Liu, L P; Basnyat, Prakash; McDonald, C. L.

doi:10.4141/cjps08154

Cited by 72 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The amount of root-N increased from seedling, reaching a maximum near late flowering (anthesis in wheat), and then decreasing to maturity. Similar patterns have been observed for root mass of spring wheat (Gan et al 2009a) and of B. napus oilseed rape (Kamh et al 2005). These observations suggest a transfer of N assimilate from roots to aboveground tissues (Campbell et al 1983), or sloughing of older root material such as root tips and border cell exudates in the soil (Wen et al 2007).…”

Section: Plant-and Root-nsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Soil segments were weighed and subsampled, and soil NO 3 -N determined using the method of Hamm et al (1970). The soil-root matrix was dispersed in a dilute NaHCO 3 solution overnight, and the roots separated by a washing technique (Gan et al 2009a). The roots were ovendried at 50°C for 3 to 5 days, weighed and analyzed for Kjeldahl N. The root N (kg ha -1 ) was calculated as root mass multiples by root N concentration divided by the area of the lysimeter.…”

Section: Seeding and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and roots and N mineralization under oilseeds, pulses, and spring wheat

et al. 2010

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To understand how pulse and oilseed crops might use nitrogen (N) more efficiently under varying levels of water and N availability in soil, we conducted a 2-year field study to monitor N accumulation in aboveground (AG-N) and root material at five growth stages, for canola (Brassica napus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medicum) alongside spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crops were grown in lysimeters (15 cm diameter × 100 cm deep) installed in the field in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. AG-N in all crops was greater under high-water than under low-water conditions. In oilseeds and wheat, AG-N increased until flowering then tended to level off, while in pulses it increased gradually to maturity. At maturity, dry pea and wheat had the greatest AG-N and mustard the least. Enhanced water availability increased seed N but did not affect straw N; consequently, N harvest index was greater under high-water than under lowwater conditions. Root N increased until late-flowering or late-pod (dough stage in wheat) then decreased to maturity. Mustard had the lowest root N, chickpea the second lowest, and canola, wheat, dry pea, and lentil the highest. Improved water availability increased root N for oilseeds and wheat but did not affect root N in pulses. At maturity, average root N of oilseeds, pulses, and wheat was 14, 17, and 20 kg ha -1 , respectively. At the seedling stage pulse crops had about 27% of total plant N in their roots, a much greater proportion than for the non-legumes. However, by maturity all crops had about 14% of plant N in their roots. Soil NO 3 -N increased gradually between seedling and maturity in non-legumes but in pulses there was a sharp spike at early flowering. Estimated apparent net N mineralized was similar for wheat and pulse crops which were greater than for canola and mustard. Soil N amounts and temporal change patterns varied substantially among crops evaluated, and these differences need to be considered in the development of diverse cropping Plant Soil (2010) 332:451-461 systems where cereals, legumes, and oilseeds are included in rotation systems.

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Section: Plant-and Root-nsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Seeding and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and roots and N mineralization under oilseeds, pulses, and spring wheat

et al. 2010

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“…The sub-plots were a combination of four chickpea cultivars with eight fertility/inoculation treatments plus a flax sole crop treatment. Flax was included because it is a non-N fixing reference crop grown in the region, and is similar to chickpea in water use (Gan et al 2009b) and rooting depth (Gan et al 2009a). Flax also was used as a non-N fixing reference crop with chickpea in semiarid Western Australia (People et al 1995).…”

Section: Site Description and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen dynamics of chickpea: Effects of cultivar choice, N fertilization, Rhizobium inoculation, and cropping systems

Gan¹,

Johnston²,

Knight³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2010. Nitrogen dynamics of chickpea: Effects of cultivar choice, N fertilization, Rhizobium inoculation, and cropping systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 655Á666. Understanding N dynamics in relation to cultural practices may help optimize N management in annual legume crops. This study was conducted at six environsites (location )year combinations) in southern Saskatchewan, 2004Á2006, to quantify N uptake, N 2 fixation, and N balance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in relation to cultivar choice, cropping systems, rhizobial inoculation, and soil N fertility. The cultivars Amit, CDC Anna, CDC Frontier, and CDC Xena were grown at N fertilizer rates of 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg N ha (1 with no Rhizobium and at 0, 28, and 84 kg N ha (1 combined with Rhizobium inoculation, evaluated in both conventional tilled-fallow and continuously cropped no-till systems. Flax was used as a non-N-fixing reference crop. The cultivar CDC Xena had the lowest yield (1.57 Mg ha(1 ) and seed N uptake (54.4 kg N ha (1 more N into the seed and 5 kg ha(1 more N into the straw than chickpea that was not inoculated. The amount of N fixed as a percentage of total N uptake was 15% for non-inoculated chickpea and 29% for inoculated chickpea, resulting in negative N balance regardless of cropping system. Increasing N fertilizer rates decreased NUE, with the rate of decrease being greater for noninoculated chickpea compared with inoculated chickpea. We conclude that optimum productivity of chickpea can be achieved with application of effective Rhizobium inoculants, and that best N management practices must be adopted in the succeeding crops due to a large negative N balance after a chickpea crop. For personal use only.

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“…Headspace CO 2 samples were taken with a (2011). Treatment differences in SOC were not determined, and no differences in TN in the 0-10 or 10-20 cm depth were reported between treatments at P B 0.10 c Data from Perry Miller, Montana State University (unpublished data, 2011) d Root biomass calculated using shoot:root ratios used in Janzen et al (2003) for wheat, and from Gan et al (2009) for pea. Calculations for root C and N concentrations for wheat based on differences between root and shoot concentrations reported by Soon and Arshad (2002).…”

Section: Potentially Mineralizable Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume, cropping intensity, and N-fertilization effects on soil attributes and processes from an eight-year-old semiarid wheat system

O'Dea

Jones

Zabinski

et al. 2015

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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In the North American northern Great Plains (NGP), legumes are promising summer fallow replacement/cropping intensification options that may decrease dependence on nitrogen (N) fertilizer in small grain systems and mitigate effects of soil organic matter (SOM) losses from summer fallow. Benefits may not be realized immediately in semiarid conditions though, and longer-term effects of legumes and intensified cropping in this region are unclear, particularly in no-till systems. We compared effects of four no-till wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems-summer fallow-wheat (F-W), continuous wheat (CW), legume green manure (pea, Pisum sativum L.)-wheat (LGM-W), and pea-wheat (P-W)-on select soil attributes in an 8-year-old rotation study, and N fertilizer effects on C and N mineralization on a duplicate soil set in a laboratory experiment. We analyzed potentially mineralizable carbon and nitrogen (PMC and PMN) and mineralization trends with a nonlinear model, microbial biomass carbon (MB-C), and wet aggregate stability (WAS). Legume-containing systems generally resulted in higher PMC, PMN, and MB-C, while intensified systems (CW and P-W) had higher WAS. Half-lives of PMC were shortest in intensified systems, and were longest in legume systems (LGM-W and P-W) for PMN. Nitrogen addition depressed C and N mineralization, particularly in CW, and generally shortened the half-life of mineralizable C. Legumes may increase long-term, no-till NGP agroecosystem resilience and sustainability by (1) increasing the available N-supply (*26-50 %) compared to wheatonly systems, thereby reducing the need for N fertilizer for subsequent crops, and (2) by potentially mitigating negative effects of SOM loss from summer fallow.

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Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

Nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and roots and N mineralization under oilseeds, pulses, and spring wheat

Nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and roots and N mineralization under oilseeds, pulses, and spring wheat

Nitrogen dynamics of chickpea: Effects of cultivar choice, N fertilization, Rhizobium inoculation, and cropping systems

Legume, cropping intensity, and N-fertilization effects on soil attributes and processes from an eight-year-old semiarid wheat system

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