Absolute rotational Raman cross sections for N_2, O_2, and CO_2

Penney, C. M.; Peters, Ralf; Lapp, M.

doi:10.1364/josa.64.000712

Cited by 238 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Raman cross section falls exponentially as wavelength shift increases, then the Raman signals can be detected by only channel 1 in the polychromators. Fundamental quantities of Raman scattering such as cross section and wavelength shift are summarized in the literatures [5][6][7][8]. Signal intensity of Raman scattered light detected by the channel 1, S Raman , is given,…”

Section: Raman Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Rayleigh Calibrations of the LHD YAG Thomson Scattering

Yamada

Narihara

Hayashi

et al. 2007

Plasma and Fusion Research

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We have carried out absolute calibrations of the LHD YAG Thomson scattering system by using Raman scattering and Rayleigh scattering in order to verify the applicability of Rayleigh calibration in the LHD Thomson scattering, and make a comparative study of Raman and Rayleigh calibrations. In the LHD Thomson scattering device, Rayleigh calibration is expected to give more reliable calibration factors. For the Rayleigh calibration, additional Rayleigh channel was installed into 20 polychromators. The other 124 polychromators without Rayleigh channel were calibrated by only Raman scattering. In the Raman calibration, pure gaseous nitrogen was introduced into the LHD vacuum vessel whereas the Rayleigh calibration was made by using air as target gas. The calibration factors obtained from the Raman and Rayleigh calibrations show good agreements. Uncertainties in the calibration factors obtained from the Raman and Rayleigh calibrations are discussed.

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Section: Raman Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Rayleigh Calibrations of the LHD YAG Thomson Scattering

Yamada

Narihara

Hayashi

et al. 2007

Plasma and Fusion Research

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“…5 A similar equation is given for Raman signal S R : Ϫ1/2). 3 The population of the initial rotational state J in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T is given by 6,7 …”

Section: Raman Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The Raman-scattered light is largely unpolarized and the theoretical value of the depolarization is 3/4. The values of polarizability anisotropy are estimated at the incident wavelength of 1064 nm by linear extrapolation from experimental data.…”

Section: Raman Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman calibration of the LHD YAG Thomson scattering for electron-density measurements

Yamada¹,

Narihara²,

Hayashi³

2003

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Single exposure three-dimensional imaging of dusty plasma clusters Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 023501 (2013) Hydrogen transport diagnostics by atomic and molecular emission line profiles simultaneously measured for large helical device Phys. Plasmas 20, 012514 (2013) Time-and-space resolved comparison of plasma expansion velocities in high-power diodes with velvet cathodes J. Appl. Phys. 113, 043307 (2013) Development of a diffuse air-argon plasma source using a dielectric-barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 033503 (2013) Nonmonotonic radial distribution of excited atoms in a positive column of pulsed direct currect discharges in helium Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 034104 (2013) Additional information on Rev. Sci. Instrum. We have calibrated the LHD yttrium aluminum garnet ͑YAG͒ Thomson scattering system by using anti-Stokes rotational Raman scattering from air for the measurements of absolute electron-density profiles of LHD plasmas. The air Raman calibration was carried out at near atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Total uncertainty in measured electron densities is estimated to be Ϯ15% or less. Electron densities obtained with the calibrated YAG Thomson scattering show good agreements with those measured by the LHD millimeter-wave interferometer.

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“…where the numerical value is obtained using the value for the anisotropy of the polarizability tensor measured by Penney et al 14 We used the right angle scattering geometry with polarization parallel to the laser polarization. The gas temperature is assumed to be 295 K. We measured the wavelength integrated rotational Raman spectrum with the ICCD camera, along with the laser power needed to take this spectrum.…”

Section: ͑6͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thomson scattering using an atomic notch filter

Bakker

Freriks

Hoog

et al. 2000

Review of Scientific Instruments

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One of the biggest problems in performing Thomson scattering experiments in low-density plasmas is the very high stray light intensity in comparison with the Thomson scattering intensity. This problem is especially present in fluorescent lamps because of the proximity of the glass tube. We propose an atomic notch filter in combination with a dye laser and an amplified spontaneous emission ͑ASE͒ filter as a way of reducing this stray light level. The dye laser produces 589 nm radiation which is guided through the ASE filter that increases the spectral purity. The beam is then guided in the fluorescent lamp, where the Thomson scattering process takes place. The scattered light is collected and guided through a sodium vapor absorption cell, where the stray light is absorbed because it is resonant to the D 2 transition of sodium. The spectral width of the Thomson scattering light is large enough to be transmitted through the absorption cell. In this way we only measure the Thomson scattering light.

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Absolute rotational Raman cross sections for N_2, O_2, and CO_2

Cited by 238 publications

References 12 publications

Raman and Rayleigh Calibrations of the LHD YAG Thomson Scattering

Raman and Rayleigh Calibrations of the LHD YAG Thomson Scattering

Raman calibration of the LHD YAG Thomson scattering for electron-density measurements

Thomson scattering using an atomic notch filter

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