Absorption of the n − 3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids as ethyl esters and triglycerides by humans

Nordøy, Arne; Barstad, L; Connor, William E.; Hatcher, Lauren

doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.5.1185

Cited by 136 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…On one hand, the supply of dietary n-3 PUFA in the form of ethyl esters does not impair the intestinal absorption of these fatty acids. 13 On the other hand, the intestinal absorption does not differ between n-3 fatty acids and other fatty acids. 26 Accordingly, the higher gross food ef®ciency in the groups fed high-fat diets might result from the fact that the energy cost of lipid deposition from dietary lipids (5% of the energy potential of lipids) is considerably lower than that from dietary carbohydrate (25% of the energy potential of carbohydrate).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethyl esters of fatty acids do not impair the bioavailability of the fatty acids. 12,13 The fatty acid composition of the diets (Table 1) was determined by gas±liquid chromatography using a CP9000 gas chromatograph (Chrompak, Les Ulis, France) ®tted with an AT-WAX fused-silica capillary column (60 m 6 0.25 mm, Alltech Templeuve, France).…”

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brown fat thermogenesis in rats fed high-fat diets enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Oudart¹,

Groscolas²,

Calgari³

et al. 1997

Int J Obes

103

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OBJECTIVE:To examine the possible involvement of an increase in diet-induced thermogenesis from brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) induced limitation of the development of white fat pads during high-fat feeding. DESIGN: Rats fed for four weeks on a low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet (C group) or high-fat diet without n-3 PUFA (REF group), with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA group), with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA group) or with a mixture of these two fatty acids (MIX group). MEASUREMENTS: Epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad mass, BAT composition, Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) binding and uncoupling protein (UCP) content were measured in the ®ve groups of rats. RESULTS: The masses of retroperitoneal and epididymal white fat pads were lower in the groups fed n-3 PUFA than in the C and REF groups. The total BAT GDP binding was 1.6 times higher in the MIX and EPA groups than in the REF group. The BAT from the EPA group presented an enrichment in mitochondria compared to the C and REF groups whereas the BAT from the DHA and REF groups presented a hyperplasia and an increase in thermogenic activity of the mitochondria compared to the C group. The higher thermogenic activity of BAT was observed in the MIX group and is due to hyperplasia and to an increase in thermogenic activity of mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS: n-3 PUFA induce a marked stimulation of BAT thermogenic activity without changes in the UCP content compared to a high-fat diet without n-3 PUFA. The mixture of EPA and DHA has the more pronounced effect while EPA and DHA seem to act in synergy on BAT thermogenesis via different mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown fat thermogenesis in rats fed high-fat diets enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Oudart¹,

Groscolas²,

Calgari³

et al. 1997

Int J Obes

103

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“…12) On the other hand, Nordoy et al found no difference in either EPA or DHA incorporation, regardless of the formulation. 13) Previous studies showed that dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol (DG), but not TG with similar fatty acid composition, reduced body fat accumulation, 14,15) and that dietary DG, which was prepared from rapeseed fatty acids and mainly composed of 1,3-DG, reduced the serum level of TG in rats compared with TG of rapeseed oil. 16) However, there is little information available about the effects of DHA supplemented in the form of DG.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Supplemented Diacylglycerol Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid on Serum Triacylglycerol in a Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Model of Rats Are Essentially Equivalent to Those of Triacylglycerol Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid

Tamai

Murota

Maruyama

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Effects of supplemented docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), given as diacylglycerol (DG) rich in DHA (DHA-DG), triacylglycerol (TG) rich in DHA (DHA-TG) or fish oil concentrate (DHA-70), on the serum concentration of TG and its bioavailability in the rats with diet-induced hyperlipidemia were studied. Hypertriglyceridemia was induced by feeding male Wistar rats a semi-purified diet that contained 5% corn oil and 50% sucrose by weight. In addition to the feeding of dietary corn oil, the rats received DHA intragastrically at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight once a day for 28 d and the control rats were given olive oil. The serum concentration of TG in the rats that received DHA-DG was significantly lower than in the control rats. However, there were no significant differences in diet intake, energy intake, body weight gain, visceral fat mass or fecal excretion of total fatty acids among the four groups. The amounts of DHA excreted into the feces of the three groups of rats that received DHA were approximately 0.4% of the DHA administered. The extent of the decreases induced by DHA-DG in the serum level of TG was almost the same as those induced by DHA-TG and DHA-70. The administration of DHA, regardless of the differences in molecular structure, did not affect the hepatic contents of TG or phospholipid. The administration of DHA-DG considerably increased the proportions of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) while decreasing the proportion of arachidonic acid in hepatic lipids, and as a result in the lipids in serum and erythrocytes, to the same extents as did DHA-TG and DHA-70. These results suggest that the hypotriglyceridemic effects and bioavailability of DHA when supplemented in the form of DG are essentially equivalent to those of DHA-TG and DHA-70.Key words docosahexaenoic acid; diacylglycerol; triacylglycerol; hypolipidemic effect; rat Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30(12) 2381-2388 (2007) © 2007 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: t-tamai@maruha.co.jp DHA. The aims of this study are to compare the effects of DHA on serum TG level and the bioavailability of DHA supplemented as DG rich in DHA with those of TG rich in DHA. Test Oils DHA-concentrated oil whose content of DHA was over 70% , estimated as fatty acid composition, was prepared by the Central Research Institute of Maruha Group Inc. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials(as the product name of DHA-70). DHA-DG and DHA-TG were separated from DHA-70 using molecular distillation and chromatography.17) The contents of DHA in these oils were quantified by gas chromatography, and the results showed that the contents of DHA in DHA-DG, DHA-TG and DHA-70 were 689, 497 and 593 mg/g, respectively. The DG was composed of 1,3-DG and 1,2-DG at a ratio of 67.8 : 31.8, as determined by thin-layer chromatography with a flame ionization detector (IATROSCAN MK-6, Mitsubishi Kagaku Iatron Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The gravities of DHA-DG, DHA-TG and DHA-70 were 0.99, 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. The amounts of these oils to be administered to rats ...

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“…Oral administration of omega-3 EE to healthy volunteers [40][41][42] and hypertriglyceridemic subjects 42 is followed by EPA and DHA absorption. After a first complete hydrolysis of omega-3 EE, EPA and DHA are absorbed and incorporated into plasma phospholipids and cholesterol esters, as reported in animal studies.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses and benefits of omega-3 ethyl esters in patients with cardiovascular disease

Levantesi

Silletta²,

Marchioli³

2010

JMDH

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Much evidence on the favorable effects of omega-3 ethyl esters on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been obtained in studies performed in healthy subjects and in different clinical settings. Here the clinical effects of omega-3 ethyl ester administration in patients with previous myocardial infarction or heart failure are reviewed, together with a discussion of underlying mechanisms of action. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of omega-3 ethyl esters, as well as evidence concerning their safety and tolerability, are also reported.

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Absorption of the n − 3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids as ethyl esters and triglycerides by humans

Cited by 136 publications

References 21 publications

Brown fat thermogenesis in rats fed high-fat diets enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Brown fat thermogenesis in rats fed high-fat diets enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Effects of Supplemented Diacylglycerol Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid on Serum Triacylglycerol in a Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Model of Rats Are Essentially Equivalent to Those of Triacylglycerol Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid

Uses and benefits of omega-3 ethyl esters in patients with cardiovascular disease

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