Absorption of Topical Moxifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution Into Human Aqueous Humor

Abstract

Topical moxifloxacin was well absorbed. Maximum moxifloxacin concentrations were approximately 30 times higher than the median MICs for common pathogens in bacterial endophthalmitis, indicating that either regimen may provide sufficient concentrations to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis.

Perspectives on antibiotics for postoperative endophthalmitis prophylaxis: Potential role of moxifloxacin

“…45 Results in animal and human studies evaluating penetration into the tear film, aqueous humor, cornea, iris-ciliary body, and conjunctiva after topical antibiotic administration show that compared with other ophthalmic fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin offers superior ocular bioavailability. [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] This benefit of moxifloxacin can be partly attributed to its 0.5% concentration, which is higher than the concentrations of gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin in their commercially available formulations. Moxifloxacin also has a unique molecular structure that confers it with the desirable combination of high lipophilicity, which enhances corneal penetration, as well as high aqueous solubility, which drives corneal penetration by increasing the concentration gradient at the tear film-corneal epithelial interface.…”

Survey of practice preference pattern in antibiotic prophylaxis against endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in Singapore

“…Literature in support of the use of topical preoperative prophylaxis have shown a reduction in the number of ocular surface flora [18,19], and achievement of therapeutic intraocular concentrations of antibiotics, especially newer fourth-generation fluoroquinolones such as moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin [20,21]. Nevertheless, in Singapore, a variety of topical preoperative antibiotics were used, including tobramycin, a bactericidal aminoglycoside, the bacteriostatic chloramphenicol, and levofloxacin and moxifloxacin.…”

Penetration and effectiveness of prophylactic fluoroquinolones in experimental methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus anterior chamber infections

“…15,[17][18][19] Moxifloxacin 0.5% is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that can be used to prevent and treat cataract surgery-associated endophthalmitis. [12][13][14]20 The in vivo effectiveness of moxifloxacin on various S aureus strains in several experimental ocular models has been well described in the literature. [20][21][22] Besifloxacin 0.6% is a new fluoroquinolone that appears to have favorable in vitro activity against ocular pathogens including S aureus.…”

“…The capabilities of antibiotic agents in the anterior chamber were estimated based on the drug concentrations in the aqueous humor or by clinical extrapolations. [12][13][14][15] Recently, a model of infection in the rabbit was established in which a unique S aureus isolate survived and grew within the anterior chamber. 16 Through the use of this anterior chamber infection model, in vivo antibiotic penetration and effectiveness can be quantitatively measured and thus supply data that can be correlated with previous drug kinetic studies and clinical data.…”