Abundance, Species Composition and Feeding Impact of Tintinnid Micro-Zooplankton in Central Long Island Sound

Capriulo, Gerard M.; Carpenter, E. J.

doi:10.3354/meps010277

Cited by 142 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Input of organic nitrogen matter from anthropogenic sources associated with transformation and mobilization large spectrum of food resources, enhance the importance of tintinnids as a key trophic link between the microbial and the metazoan compartments (Fenchel, 1980;Capriulo and Carpenter, 1983;Dolan and Marrasé, 1995;Capriulo et al, 2002;Urrutxurtu, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton community dynamics in relation to the seasonal cycle and nutrient inputs in an urban tropical estuary in Brazil

et al. 2008

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Micro-and mesozooplankton were studied in the Sergipe estuary, northeastern Brazil, in order to assess the temporal variability in abundance and biodiversity under stressed conditions (urban pollution). Zooplankton samples and abiotic data were collected at one station during a full tidal cycle in July 2001 and in February 2002, corresponding to the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The salinity regime was euhaline-polyhaline. Phosphate and dissolved oxygen were higher in July 2001, and nitrite, nitrate and ammonia in February 2002. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were low as a result of light limitation, with 1.18 ± 0.88 µg.m -3 in February and 1.53 ± 1.48 µg.m -3 in July. Fifty-nine zooplankton taxa were identified. Microzooplankton were abundant, mainly the tintinnid Favella ehrenbergii, and ranged from 18,649 ind.m -3 in July to 678,009 ind.m -3 in February. Mesozooplankton ranged from 1,537 ind.m -3 in July to 37,062 ind.m -3 in February and were dominated by barnacle nauplii in July and by copepods in February. The cluster analysis by taxa revealed the existence of three distinct groups: resilient species, characteristic of estuarine areas and occurring during all the year; species mainly more abundant in July (indicators of a healthier environmental condition); and species more abundant in February (tolerant to poor water quality). em fevereiro e foi dominado por náuplios de Cirripedia em julho e por Copepoda em fevereiro. A análise de agrupamento por taxa revelou a existência de três grupos: espécies resilientes, características de áreas estuarinas de ocorrência contínua; espécies que dominaram em julho (indicadores de uma melhor condição ambiental); e espécies mais abundantes em fevereiro (tolerantes à baixa qualidade da água). KeywordsPalavras-chave: zooplâncton, estuário tropical, variação sazonal, nordeste do Brasil. Araujo, HMP. et al. 752

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton community dynamics in relation to the seasonal cycle and nutrient inputs in an urban tropical estuary in Brazil

et al. 2008

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“…Station 3 had a high abundance of tintinnid ciliates. This is not surprising, for this station is just north of the Aleutian Island archipelago, and tintinnids are primarily a coastal microzooplankton group (Beers et al, 1980;Capriulo and Carpenter, 1983;Pierce and Turner, 1993). Fig.…”

Section: Microzooplankton Abundance and Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton herbivory and community structure in the southeast Bering Sea: insight into the formation and temporal persistence of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom

Olson

Strom

2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

143

108

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Using the seawater dilution technique, we measured phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates within and outside of the 1999 Bering Sea coccolithophorid bloom. We found that reduced microzooplankton grazing mortality is a key component in the formation and temporal persistence of the Emiliania huxleyi bloom that continues to proliferate in the southeast Bering Sea. Total chlorophyll a (Chl a) at the study sites ranged from 0.40 to 4.45 mg C l À1 . Highest phytoplankton biomass was found within the bloom, which was a mixed assemblage of diatoms and E. huxleyi. Here, 75% of the Chl a came from cells >10 mm and was attributed primarily to the high abundance of the diatom Nitzschia spp. Nutrient-enhanced total phytoplankton growth rates averaged 0.53 d À1 across all experimental stations. Average growth rates for >10 mm and o10 mm cells were nearly equal, while microzooplankton grazing varied among stations and size fractions. Grazing on phytoplankton cells >10 mm ranged from 0.19 to 1.14 d À1 . Grazing on cells o10 mm ranged from 0.02 to 1.07 d À1 , and was significantly higher at non-bloom (avg. 0.71 d À1 ) than at bloom (avg. 0.14 d À1 ) stations. Averaged across all stations, grazing by microzooplankton accounted for 110% and 81% of phytoplankton growth for >10 and o10 mm cells, respectively. These findings contradict the paradigm that microzooplankton are constrained to diets of nanophytoplankton and strongly suggests that their grazing capability extends beyond boundaries assumed by size-based models. Dinoflagellates and oligotrich ciliates dominated the microzooplankton community. Estimates of abundance and biomass for microzooplankton >10 mm were higher than previously reported for the region, ranging from 22,000 to 227,430 cells l À1 and 18 to 164 mg C l À1 . Highest abundance and biomass occurred in the bloom and corresponded with increased abundance of the large ciliate Laboea, and the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Protoperidinium and Gyrodinium spp. Despite low grazing rates on phytoplankton o10 mm within the bloom, the abundance and biomass of small microzooplankton (o20 mm) capable of grazing E. huxleyi was relatively high at bloom stations. This body of evidence, coupled with observed high grazing rates on large phytoplankton cells, suggests the phytoplankton community composition was strongly regulated by herbivorous activity of microzooplankton. Because grazing behavior deviated from size-based model predictions and was not proportional to microzooplankton biomass, alternate mechanisms that dictate levels of grazing activity were in effect in the southeastern Bering Sea. We hypothesize that these mechanisms included morphological or chemical signaling between phytoplankton and micrograzers, which led to selective grazing pressure. r

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“…These 2 morphologically diverse subclasses dominate ciliate communities in near-coastal waters. For example, in a 3 yr study in Long Island Sound, Capriulo & Carpenter (1983) and Capriulo et al (2002) reported the presence of 65 species from these groups, based on light microscopy (30 species of tintinnids, 12 other choreotrich species, and 23 oligotrichs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-independent assessment of planktonic ciliate diversity in coastal northwest Atlantic waters

Doherty¹,

Costas²,

McManus³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Planktonic ciliates within the subclasses Choreotrichia and Oligotrichia play critical roles in food webs in the world's oceans. To assess the diversity of these ciliates, we designed primers specific to small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) of ciliates within these clades and sampled at 3 coastal sites in the northwest Atlantic in October 2004 and May 2005. We also preserved and analyzed samples using standard ecological methods to compare observations from light microscopy with our molecular results. We found that (1) estimates of diversity based on molecular markers were similar to estimates from morphological observations for choreotrich ciliates, but much greater for oligotrich ciliates; (2) while similar levels of diversity were found at each site, each collection had its own distinct assemblage of rare and abundant ciliate haplotypes; (3) genealogical analyses of our samples combined with published sequences from identified morphospecies revealed that haplotype diversity at these sites is greatest within the genus Strombidium, in the Oligotrichia. The results from this ciliate-specific analysis are consistent with previous molecular studies on microbial diversity in marine systems in that they reveal high diversity and shifting assemblages within microbial communities.KEY WORDS: Ciliate phylogeography · Microzooplankton · Diversity · Oligotrichia · Choreotrichia · Strombidium · Culture independent Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 48: [141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154] 2007 diverse assemblages within a genus, such as Strombidium spp. (Modigh 2001, Fileman & Leakey 2005. One exception is the tintinnids, a group of choreotrichs with a rich literature of morphological species descriptions based mainly on size and shape of the lorica (outer sheath). Ocean transect studies of tintinnid diversity reveal distinct assemblages within ocean provinces, with specific diversity patterns characterizing each area (Modigh et al. 2003, Thompson 2004. Further, compiling 451 data points from the literature for tintinnid diversity, Dolan et al. (2006) found a latitudinal distribution of tintinnid richness.Contemporary views on diversity of marine microbes have been altered by large-scale, molecular surveys (Caron et al. 2004, DeLong 2005, Giovannoni & Stingl 2005, Richards & Bass 2005, Xu 2006. Such studies revealed considerable microbial diversity not captured by culture-dependent methods. With these new methods, it is possible to sample from a broader range of microbial habitats (Dawson & Pace 2002, Edgcomb et al. 2002, Zettler et al. 2002, Lopez-Garcia et al. 2003, to sample previously undetected microbes (Diez et al. 2001, Moon-van der Staay et al. 2001, and to determine the spatial and temporal scales of microbial diversity (Romari & Vaulot 2004, Behnke et al. 2006, Cordova-Kreylos et al. 2006, Ley et al. 2006. Although ciliates are often captured in studies of eukaryotic diversity, we know of no published r...

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Abundance, Species Composition and Feeding Impact of Tintinnid Micro-Zooplankton in Central Long Island Sound

Cited by 142 publications

References 22 publications

Zooplankton community dynamics in relation to the seasonal cycle and nutrient inputs in an urban tropical estuary in Brazil

Zooplankton community dynamics in relation to the seasonal cycle and nutrient inputs in an urban tropical estuary in Brazil

Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton herbivory and community structure in the southeast Bering Sea: insight into the formation and temporal persistence of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom

Culture-independent assessment of planktonic ciliate diversity in coastal northwest Atlantic waters

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