Acaricidal and repellent effects of Cnidium officinale-derived material against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae)

Abstract

The acaricidal activity of a methanolic extract and fractions from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale against Dermanyssus gallinae adults was investigated. The C. officinale methanolic extract exhibited 100% acaricidal activity after 48 h of treatment at a dose of 4000 ppm. The acaricidal constituents of the plant were sequentially partitioned with several solvents and then purified using silica gel column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed (Z)-ligustilide as a constituent of C. officinale. Acaricidal activity was examined in three experimental tests (spray, fumigation and contact), with the spraying method being the most effective. The methanolic extract of C. officinale showed both contact and fumigant activities, though only fumigant activity was observed with (Z)-ligustilide. The fumigant effects of the methanolic extract and (Z)-ligustilide caused 86.5 and 62.6% mortality, respectively, of D. gallinae adults at 48 h. Among (Z)-ligustilide, acaricides (bifenthrin, cypermethrin and spinosad) and butylidenephthalide, bifenthrin displayed the highest acaricidal activity, and the activity of butylidenephthalide was 2.3-fold higher than that of (Z)-ligustilide. These results suggest that C. officinale-derived material can be used for the development of a control agent for D. gallinae.

Repellent properties of natural substances against Dermanyssus gallinae: review of knowledge and prospects for Integrated Pest Management

“…The resin of Commiphora holtziana spp. holtziana (gum haggar), extracts of Conocarpus erectus, methanolic extracts and fractions of Cnidium officinale (Kim et al 2018), and several essential oils, including thyme (Thymus vulgaris), have shown significant repellency during in vitro tests (Table 1). It is worth noting that some of these plantderived sub stances are also known for their toxic properties to D. gallinae (C. officinale, Kim et al 2004; manuka (Leptospermum scoparium), thyme (T. vulgaris), clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum = Eugenia caryophyllata), George et al 2010).…”

Control ofDermanyssus gallinae(De Geer 1778) and other mites with volatile organic compounds, a review

“…Nevertheless, the repellent effect described here was unclear, as it was not possible to distinguish the contact and olfactive repellent effects. In another study, the acaricidal and repellent activities of a methanolic extract and fractions from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale were tested to control D. gallinae (Kim et al ., 2018). Kim et al .…”

“…Kim et al . (2018) showed that the methanolic extract of C. officinale has a 91.3% repellent activity on PRM, while (Z)-ligustilide, which is an isolated compound from C. officinale roots, showed a repellent response rate equal to 100% using a T-tube olfactometer.…”

“…Nevertheless, the repellent effect described here was unclear, as it was not possible to distinguish the contact and olfactive repellent effects. In another study, the acaricidal and repellent activities of a methanolic extract and fractions from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale were tested to control D. gallinae (Kim et al, 2018). Kim et al (2018) showed that the methanolic extract of C. officinale has a 91.3% repellent activity on PRM, while (Z)-ligustilide, which is an isolated compound from C. officinale roots, showed a repellent response rate equal to 100% using a T-tube olfactometer.…”

Discarded Egg Yolk as an Alternate Source of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

“…Chicken farms in South Korea and Europe have suffered severely from exposure to residual pesticides used to protect hens from red mite [1,2]. Billions of chicken eggs exposed to the toxic chemicals were discarded for safety reasons because they were unusable as food.…”