Repellent properties of natural substances against Dermanyssus gallinae: review of knowledge and prospects for Integrated Pest Management

Abstract

The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is a strict hematophagous parasite of birds, causing major health and economic problems in poultry farms worldwide. The use of plant-derived repellents against this pest could be an alternative control method as part of Integrated Pest Management strategies. In this review, the different types of repellents and the testing methods used to explore them in arthropods are synthesized. State-of-the-art knowledge on the repellent properties of natural plant-derived substances against D. gallinae is established. Studies reporting repellent properties exerted by plant-derived substances against D. gallinae are reviewed, and the level of discrimination between the different types of properties achieved by the experimental designs implemented is examined. Factors that may modulate repellent activity in arthropods are reviewed, and the available evidence for D. gallinae is highlighted. A framework is proposed for the rational use of knowledge from experiments for the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In addition, to optimize the implementation of IPM strategies for D. gallinae, the current knowledge related to the risk of emergence of resistance to natural repellents is documented. This phenomenon has not been explored in D. gallinae to date, but resistance to several repellent substances has been reported in insects, with some cross-resistance between repellents and neurotoxic insecticides.

Application of Various Concentrations of Mixed Extracts of Calotropis gigantea and Crescentia cujete Against Population and Attack Intensity of Leptocorisa acuta, Nephotettix virescens and Natural Enemy Populations of Rice Plants

“…Repellent is one of the effects caused by compounds contained in plants in the form of repelling insects against host plants. The use of repellents generally does not directly kill insects but rather serves to repel the presence of insects, which is caused by a pungent odor from the stimulus source [29]. The repellent effect is generally obtained in plants with high alkaloid and terpenoid content [30].…”

High‐throughput behavioral phenotyping of tiny arthropods: Chemosensory traits in a mesostigmatic hematophagous mite

“…Their respective repellent and attractant activity on D. gallinae was known at the beginning of the study, based on classical olfactometer tests. Geraniol is a plant‐derived single molecule, known for its repellent effect on D. gallinae (Soulié et al, 2021 ) and commonly used along with other molecules for commercially distributed repellents. NH 3 is known to have an attractant effect on hematophagous arthropods (Geier et al, 1999 ; Haggart & Davis, 1980 ; Sukumaran, 2016 ; van Loon et al, 2015 ) and some nonhematophagous insects (Abuin et al, 2011 ; Kendra et al, 2005 ; Min et al, 2013 ), mostly as a probable cue to locate food sources.…”

Management of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae with physical control methods by inorganic material and future perspectives

“…To date, plant species from at least 15 different botanical families have been tested, including Commiphora holtziana spp. holtziana (gum haggar), extracts of Conocarpus erectus , and methanolic extracts and fractions of Cnidium officinale that are repellent to PRM ( Soulié et al, 2021 ). Although the repellent activity of these substances is expected to be relatively safe for nontarget organisms, the chemical compounds from the same plant species varied in quality and quantity between the batches studied ( Thompson et al, 2003 ; George et al, 2009 a; Ben Jemâa et al, 2012 ; Dardouri et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Among the alternative treatments available, botanicals (also known as natural pesticides or phytochemicals) represent an alternative control strategy that is less harmful to the environment and human health ( Isman, 2006 ). The substances derived from these natural products can be grouped into 2 categories based on their uses: acaricides, which are toxic to the pest, and repellents, which deter the pest ( Veeresham, 2012 ; Soulié et al, 2021 ). Previous studies have evaluated the potential of plant-based products as acaricides and repellents of PRM ( George et al, 2009b ).…”

“…Accordingly, a range of PRM control methods have been developed, including organic substances such as synthetic pesticides, pheromones, essential oils, plant-derived compounds, vaccines, and biological approaches. Additionally, alternative methods, such as inert dust or minerals and disinfectants, have been used inside poultry facilities without prolonged residual toxicities ( Soulié et al, 2021 ).…”