Accelerated Lifetime Testing for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using Extremely High Temperature and Unusually High Load

Zhang, Jianlu; Song, Chaojie; Zhang, Jiujun

doi:10.1115/1.4003977

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…95 In an extreme case of a HT-PEFC operated up to 300 • C severe catalyst degradation was identified as the major failure mode. 134,135 At temperatures up to 200 • C a sudden increase in mass transport limitation F163 is reported 134 for currents above 0.6 A cm −2 which agrees well with the above presented modeling result of redistribution of phosphoric acid.…”

Section: S =supporting

confidence: 89%

Accelerated Degradation of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Discussion and Empirical Modeling

Reimer

Schumacher

Lehnert

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Accelerated stress tests are commonly applied in order to obtain a prediction of fuel cell life time within a short testing period. The stress test in this work considers a fuel cell which is constantly under load with frequent periods of very high current. Four different cells were operated each with a specific load profile. As a result severe performance degradation was observed in the region of high current densities. A short overview over the phenomena which may contribute to this specific fuel cell degradation is compiled from literature. Based on this overview major degradation modes are identified and combined with a simple polarization curve model. The modeling results allow for two different interpretations. Carbon corrosion reactions can explain the observed effects if cell voltage is assumed as the driving force for degradation. A better fit was obtained by using the overall heat flux as degradation criterion. In this case an increase in local temperature could lead to redistribution and loss of phosphoric acid from the MEA. The expected lifetime of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) ranges from 5 000 h for mobile application to 40 000 h for stationary application.1,2 In order to gain information about time dependent degradation in advance accelerated test protocols are used.3,4 Depending on the design of these tests valuable information about the nature of the main degradation mode under the applied operation conditions can be obtained. Despite the difference in operation conditions for PEFC, HT-PEFC and PAFC the structure and material of the electrodes are almost the same. Consequently, observed degradation phenomena show strong similarities.5 A good description of these phenomena can be found in several review papers 6-13 as well as in at least four books 1,2,14,15 where recent experimental facts and interpretations are summarized. A compact description can also be found in a recent review paper on modeling transport phenomena in PEFCs. 16 The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a specific accelerated degradation test for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFC) with phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI/H 3 PO 4 ) membranes. The fuel cell is constantly under load with frequent periods of very high current. In order to accelerate degradation effects the fuel cell is operated beyond it's point of maximum power. A simple polarization curve model is used as starting point for the analysis of data. Based on this first analysis a degradation model is proposed which allows for a straightforward physical interpretation. The complexity of degradation effects which occur simultaneousy usually leads to models which either resolve a specific mechanism in depth or describe more general effects. This paper aims at general effects which requires a broader understanding of degradation. In the following it is attempted to provide an overview over the phenomena which may contribute to fuel cell degradation. Based on this overview major degradation modes are identified and ...

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Section: S =supporting

confidence: 89%

Accelerated Degradation of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Discussion and Empirical Modeling

Reimer

Schumacher

Lehnert

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Zhang et al [28] developed two protocols that could be used to accelerate the PEMFC lifetime testing. One protocol was based on operating the stack at an extremely high temperature of about 300°C.…”

Section: E Fuel Cell Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time impact on the stack's polarization curve when operated at 300°C[28].-+-Opemted t Nr:.mz for 3� hrs .... .. Opet'ated at.2 Alan" for 24 Ilrs O +------r------�----�------�--Comparison of the time impact on the stack's polarization curve when operated at nominal conditions with a current density of 1 Alcm 2 andwhen operated at extreme conditions with a current density of 2 Alcm '[28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on fault diagnosis tools of the proton exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Salim

Noura

Fardoun

2013

2013 Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems (SysTol)

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Fuel Cells received a major research interest in the past few years. However, despite their promising features, Fuel Cell systems still lack a solid fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance study. There are numerous faults that have to be detected and diagnosed on a fuel cell power generator system, ranging from chemical faults, to electrical and power electronics faults. Several fault diagnosis techniques were proposed in literature. This paper presents an overview on all those fault diagnosis tools, analyze their effectiveness, and highlight their drawbacks if any.

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“…The mechanical degradation is caused by repetition of expansion and contraction associated with changes in wet and dry conditions. Long-term durability studies under various conditions have been reported in order to understand the performance decrease mechanism of PFSA under critical operating conditions [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Pozio et al , reported that the long-term operation at low humidification led to a decrease of the three-dimensional reaction zone due to ionomer degradation by dehydration of the membranes.…”

Section: Membrane Degradation In Pfsamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Molecular-Level Mechanism of Membrane Degradation in the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

Ishimoto

Koyama

2012

Membranes

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Chemical degradation of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane is one of the most serious problems for stable and long-term operations of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). The chemical degradation is caused by the chemical reaction between the PFSA membrane and chemical species such as free radicals. Although chemical degradation of the PFSA membrane has been studied by various experimental techniques, the mechanism of chemical degradation relies much on speculations from ex-situ observations. Recent activities applying theoretical methods such as density functional theory, in situ experimental observation, and mechanistic study by using simplified model compound systems have led to gradual clarification of the atomistic details of the chemical degradation mechanism. In this review paper, we summarize recent reports on the chemical degradation mechanism of the PFSA membrane from an atomistic point of view.

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Accelerated Lifetime Testing for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using Extremely High Temperature and Unusually High Load

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Accelerated Degradation of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Discussion and Empirical Modeling

Accelerated Degradation of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Discussion and Empirical Modeling

A review on fault diagnosis tools of the proton exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

A Review of Molecular-Level Mechanism of Membrane Degradation in the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

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