Accelerated Wound Healing on the Skin Using a Film Dressing with β-Glucan Paramylon

Yasuda, Kōsuke; Ogushi, Misa; Nakashima, Ayaka; Nakano, Yoshihisa; Suzuki, Kengo

doi:10.21873/invivo.11310

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…With advances in the biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, several markers have been applied to the wound age determination. The immunohistochemical analysis is now exclusively utilised for wound age determination …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies for determination of wound age and vitality in rats

Khalaf

Hassanen

Zaki

et al. 2019

International Wound Journal

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In forensic medicine, it is vital to verify with the best attainable accuracy once injuries occurred during vital or post‐mortem conditions. An immunohistochemical study was carried out to examine the time‐dependent expression of macrophage‐specific gene CD68 (cluster of differentiation 68), alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in different skin wound timings (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days) in rats. Histopathological studies were performed to assess the wound age and vitality. Eighteen male albino Wister rats (weighing 170‐200 g) were used for wound induction. Rats (n = 3) were euthanised at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days from the starting point of wound induction. Histopathological examination showed that the epidermal re‐epithelialisation was completed 14 days after skin incision. The inflammatory phase was recorded during the first 3 days of healing and reached the maximum levels at 5 days, then declined after 7 days, and completely removed at 14 days. The beginning of the proliferative phase was dated to day 3 and the peak at days 5 and 7. The initiation of the granulation tissue formation and remodelling phase of the healing process was observed 5 days after wounding. By immunohistochemical staining, negative VEGF gene expressions at early stages (0‐3 days) were observed, as well as neither CD68+ macrophages nor α‐SMA+ myofibroblast cells were detected. By increasing the wound ages (5‐7 days), granulation tissue and angiogenesis were observed, with the migration of macrophages and fibroblast, which expressed VEGF, CD68, and α‐SMA positive reaction. Time‐dependent expression of the above markers suggested that they would be useful indicators for the determination of wound age. Both VEGF and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGFb1) mRNA levels were determined in different skin wound ages. The transcription of TGFb1 and VEGF increased shortly after wounding, until post‐wounding day 7. It then declined constantly, reaching minimal values on day 14.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies for determination of wound age and vitality in rats

Khalaf

Hassanen

Zaki

et al. 2019

International Wound Journal

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“…Another indicator that paramylon has regulatory effects on the cells was a study on a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model (for rheumatoid arthritis), where 2% (w/w) paramylon in the diet relieved arthritis symptoms and decreased cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17) levels, so the authors concluded a possible involvement of Th type 17 cells (Suzuki et al, 2018). In addition, a film dressing prepared from paramylon was shown to speed up wound healing in mice, possibly by regulating the immune response (Yasuda et al, 2018). Paramylon also can act as a potent antioxidant protecting mice from acute hepatic injury induced by CCl 4 treatment and was shown to alleviate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice caused by a combination of streptozocin injection and high fat diet when orally administered at a dosage of 1 or 3 g/kg bodyweight (BW) per day, respectively (Sugiyama et al, 2009; Nakashima et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Biofuels and Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioproducts From Euglena gracilis: Synthesis and Applications

Gissibl

Sun

Care

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

140

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In recent years, the versatile phototrophic protist Euglena gracilis has emerged as an interesting candidate for application-driven research and commercialisation, as it is an excellent source of dietary protein, pro(vitamins), lipids, and the β-1,3-glucan paramylon only found in euglenoids. From these, paramylon is already marketed as an immunostimulatory agent in nutraceuticals. Bioproducts from E. gracilis can be produced under various cultivation conditions discussed in this review, and their yields are relatively high when compared with those achieved in microalgal systems. Future challenges include achieving the economy of large-scale cultivation. Recent insights into the complex metabolism of E. gracilis have highlighted unique metabolic pathways, which could provide new leads for product enhancement by genetic modification of the organism. Also, development of molecular tools for strain improvement are emerging rapidly, making E. gracilis a noteworthy challenger for microalgae such as Chlorella spp. and their products currently on the market.

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“…The storage polysaccharide paramylon is an insoluble dietary fiber unique to Euglena that has a triple-helical polymer structure composed of straight-chain β-1,3-glucans. Like other β-1,3-glucans, paramylon has various beneficial effects on health, such as modulating immune function [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] and suppressing visceral fat accumulation, likely by improving the intestinal environment [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. In addition, paramylon can bind to and stimulate Dectin-1, the primary receptor on epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) to exert immunomodulatory effects [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Yasuda¹,

Nakashima²,

Murata³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The intestinal tract contains over half of all immune cells and peripheral nerves and manages the beneficial interactions between food compounds and the host. Paramylon is a β-1,3-glucan storage polysaccharide from Euglena gracilis (Euglena) that exerts immunostimulatory activities by affecting cytokine production. This study investigated the signaling mechanisms that regulate the beneficial interactions between food compounds and the intestinal tract using cell type-specific calcium (Ca2+) imaging in vivo and in vitro. We successfully visualized Euglena- and paramylon-mediated Ca2+ signaling in vivo in intestinal epithelial cells from mice ubiquitously expressing the Yellow Cameleon 3.60 (YC3.60) Ca2+ biosensor. Moreover, in vivo Ca2+ imaging demonstrated that the intraperitoneal injection of both Euglena and paramylon stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) in Peyer’s patches, indicating that paramylon is an active component of Euglena that affects the immune system. In addition, in vitro Ca2+ imaging in dorsal root ganglia indicated that Euglena, but not paramylon, triggers Ca2+ signaling in the sensory nervous system innervating the intestine. Thus, this study is the first to successfully visualize the direct effect of β-1,3-glucan on DCs in vivo and will help elucidate the mechanisms via which Euglena and paramylon exert various effects in the intestinal tract.

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Accelerated Wound Healing on the Skin Using a Film Dressing with β-Glucan Paramylon

Abstract: β-Glucan paramylon film can facilitate wound healing by inhibiting inflammatory aggression and has potential application as a novel wound dressing.

Cited by 43 publications

References 38 publications

Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies for determination of wound age and vitality in rats

Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies for determination of wound age and vitality in rats

Bioproducts From Euglena gracilis: Synthesis and Applications

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

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