Acceptor-donor pairs in germanium

Forkel, D.; Achtziger, N.; Baurichter, A.; Deicher, M.; Deubler, S.; Puschmann, M.; Wolf, H.; Witthuhn, W.

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(92)95198-z

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…According to the infrared absorption and ion channelling studies of carbon in germanium [6], which will be discussed later in comparison with the current results, a significant fraction of substitutional carbon is reported in the range of annealing temperatures from 350 to 700 • C. Another lattice location of carbon at high temperatures was not indicated by these methods. The interaction of a 111 In acceptor with defects (vacancies, self-interstitials) and group V donors in Ge has been studied previously by several groups [19,20], employing the PAC method. In all cases, unique QIFs have been found and could be assigned to the In-defect and In-donor pairs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium–carbon pairs in germanium

Tessema

Vianden

2003

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The interactions of carbon with the probe nucleus 111In have been studied in germanium using the perturbed angular correlation method, which has the ability to detect the microscopic environments of the probe atom by means of the interaction of the nuclear moments of the probe with the surrounding electromagnetic fields. At high dose carbon implantation in germanium two complexes have been identified by their unique quadrupole interaction frequencies. An interaction frequency of νQ1 = 207(1) MHz (η = 0.16(3)) appeared at annealing temperatures below 650 °C. Above 650 °C, it was replaced by a second interaction frequency of νQ2 = 500(1) MHz (η = 0). The frequencies are attributed to two different carbon–indium pairs. The orientation of the corresponding electric field gradients and the thermal stability of the defect complexes are studied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium–carbon pairs in germanium

Tessema

Vianden

2003

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…A substantial body of results exists for TDPAC studies of the 111 In/ 111 Cd probe in germanium [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Since it may be advantageous to relate the present work on germanium to these previous studies, germanium samples have been studied with both, the 100 Pd/ 100 Rh and the 111 In/ 111 Cd probe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of palladium-defect pairing in intrinsic germanium

et al. 2010

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Time Differential Perturbed Angular Correlation measurements were performed in intrinsic germanium with the 100 Pd/ 100 Rh probe. The probe was produced via 92 Zr( 12 C, 4n) 100 Pd and recoil-implanted into samples. Parallel measurements with the 111 In/ 111 Cd probe confirmed the quality of the germanium studied. The measurements with the 100 Pd/ 100 Rh probe show a modulation pattern in the ratio function with a quadrupole interaction frequency of 8.3(2) Mrad/s. The pattern depends on sample orientation and it is most pronounced after annealing at 500 • C. After annealing at 700 • C the effect vanishes due to strong damping of the ratio function. The pattern may be caused, similar to what has been observed for highly doped n-type silicon, by the pairing of the Pd-atom with a vacancy located in the < 111 > direction. The disappearance of the pattern would indicate the dissociation of this pair. Pair formation and dissociation may be relevant to palladium-inducedcrystallization processing of germanium.

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“…The "state of the art" experiments for these kind of problems are the measurements of hyperfine interactions. One example is the perturbed angular correlation measurement (PAC) of the electric field gradient (EFG) 3,4,5,6,7 . The EFG describes the interaction of the electrons with the electric quadrupol moment Q ij of the nuclei and is given by the second derivative V ij of the Coulomb potentials at the nuclear site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cd-vacancy andCd-interstitial complexes inSiand
Höhler
¹
,
Atodiresei
²
,
Schroeder
³

et al. 2004
Phys. Rev. B

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The electrical-field gradient (EFG), measured, e.g., in perturbed angular correlation experiments, gives particularly useful information about the interaction of probe atoms like 111 In/ 111 Cd with other defects. The interpretation of the EFG is, however, a difficult task. This paper aims at understanding the interaction of Cd impurities with vacancies and interstitials in Si and Ge, which represents a controversial issue. We apply two complementary ab initio methods in the framework of density-functional theory, (i) the all electron Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function method and (ii) the pseudopotential-plane-wave method, to search for the correct local geometry. Surprisingly we find that both in Si and Ge the substitutional Cd-vacancy complex is unstable and relaxes to a split-vacancy complex with the Cd on the bond-center site. This complex has a very small EFG, allowing a unique assignment of the small measured EFGs of 54 MHz in Ge and 28 MHz in Si. Also, for the Cd-self-interstitial complex we obtain a highly symmetrical split configuration with large EFG's, being in reasonable agreement with experiments.

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Acceptor-donor pairs in germanium

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Indium–carbon pairs in germanium

Indium–carbon pairs in germanium

Evidence of palladium-defect pairing in intrinsic germanium

Cd-vacancy andCd-interstitial complexes inSiand
Höhler
¹
,
Atodiresei
²
,
Schroeder
³

et al. 2004
Phys. Rev. B

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Acceptor-donor pairs in germanium

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Indium–carbon pairs in germanium

Indium–carbon pairs in germanium

Evidence of palladium-defect pairing in intrinsic germanium

Cd-vacancy andCd-interstitial complexes inSiandHöhler1, Atodiresei2, Schroeder3 et al. 2004Phys. Rev. B

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Cd-vacancy andCd-interstitial complexes inSiand
Höhler
¹
,
Atodiresei
²
,
Schroeder
³

et al. 2004
Phys. Rev. B