“…At both temperatures, the STML becomes observable when the applied sample bias exceeds −1.5 V in the negative bias region, and saturates around a sample bias of −5.0 to −6.0 V. The direct band gaps of GaAs at RT and 80 K can be calculated empirically as 1.424 and 1.507 eV, respectively [Evoy et al,1999;Alvarado et al, 1991;Rossi et al, 1970], which are in good agreement with the above observed threshold 'turn on' voltage (−1.5 V) shown in figures 14(a) and (b). In the positive bias region, a weak photon emission can be observed when the bias exceeds∼+3.5 V. At RT the maximum value of the STML intensity at negative sample bias is about five times higher than that at positive sample bias, as shown in figure 14(a), while at 80 K the maximum value of STML intensity at negative sample bias is about 15 times higher than that at positive sample bias, as shown in figure 14(b).…”