Accessory spleen in cetaceans and its relevance as a secondary lymphoid organ

Silva, Fernanda Menezes de Oliveira e; Carvalho, Vítor Luz; Guimarães, Juliana Plácido; Vergara-Parente, Jociery Einhardt; Meirelles, Ana Carolina Oliveira de; Marmontel, Míriam; Miglino, María Angélica

doi:10.1007/s00435-014-0223-x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In a variety of cetacean species, the prevalence of accessory spleens is a remarkably common finding, and function as compensatory lymphoid organs to splenic activity has been suggested in respect to diving adaptation [ 5 ]. A condition suggestive of IPAS has been described in the bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) but detailed histological and immunohistochemical descriptions are lacking [ 2 , 3 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the high occurrence of accessory spleens in cetaceans [ 5 ], presumed IPAS have only been observed in the bottlenose dolphin to date [ 2 , 3 ]. The previous reports state that accessory spleens of some bottlenose dolphins were found “embedded” in the pancreas, which most likely is referring to IPAS, but no further histomorphological details and ancillary diagnostic features are available.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intrapancreatic accessory spleen in a harbor porpoise (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>)

Nakagun

Díaz‐Delgado

Groch

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The occurrence of accessory spleens in cetacean species is high yet confirmed reports of intrapancreatic accessory spleen, a congenital malformation, remain undescribed. The current study provides the gross, microscopical, histochemical and immunohistochemical features of an intrapancreatic accessory spleen in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Grossly, a 17 × 18 × 9 mm well-demarcated, dark brown to red mass expanded the left pancreatic lobe. Microscopically, this mass consisted of mature splenic tissue interspersed with exocrine pancreatic acini. Intrapancreatic accessory spleens should be considered in the list of differential diagnoses for intrapancreatic nodular lesions in cetaceans.

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confidence: 99%

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen in a harbor porpoise (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>)

Nakagun

Díaz‐Delgado

Groch

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Accessory spleens have been hypothesized to serve as extra reservoirs to increase blood oxygen capacity during diving in some cetaceans (e Silva et al 2014). Although not common, one beluga that was sampled had seven, albeit very small, accessory spleens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-annual variation in environmental factors affect the prey and body condition of beluga whales in the eastern Beaufort Sea

Choy¹,

Rosenberg²,

Roth³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Arctic ecosystems are changing at an alarming rate, with the Arctic Ocean predicted to be summer sea ice free within the next few decades. Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are the most abundant Arctic odontocete, exhibiting a circumpolar distribution and a strong association to sea ice, and are thus a sentinel species for the effects of climate change. The vulnerability of belugas to changing environmental conditions will depend on their adaptive capacity and resilience to changes in the prey base. The overall objective of my thesis was to examine the potential effects of prey shifts due to changing environmental conditions on Beaufort Sea beluga whales by examining relationships among body condition, dietary tracers, and physiology.Differences in lipid content and carbonates in the tissues of beluga and their potential prey affected both carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) stable isotope ratios, which could lead to incorrect ecological interpretations. Inter-annual variation in blubber fatty acid signatures and liver δ 13 C and δ 15 N values in beluga whales may be related to annual differences in environmental conditions and abundances of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida). To establish an effective approach for identifying prey, I used Bayesian mixing model Fatty Acid Source Tracking Algorithm in R (FASTAR) to reconstruct the known diets of two captive beluga whales using fatty acid signatures. FASTAR was then used to reconstruct the offshore diets of Beaufort Sea belugas. Although diets varied annually, Arctic cod and capelin (Mallotus villosus), two pelagic species with high lipid content, were identified as the main prey of belugas. Finally, I examined physiological limits and the relationships between body condition and physiological parameters pertaining to oxygen storage capacity in belugas. Males had higher oxygen stores than females due to larger body size and higher hemoglobin concentrations. Body condition indices positively correlated with myoglobin and hemoglobin concentrations, and hematocrit, III resulting in lower calculated aerobic dive limits in whales with lower body condition. Overall, climate-induced prey shifts that reduce fitness will lead to lower oxygen stores in belugas, a potential positive feedback mechanism. The interconnectedness of diet, body condition, and physiology should be a conservation priority to monitor the long-term effects of climate change on belugas and other Arctic marine mammals.IV

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“…Os baços acessórios e esplenoses foram relatados em algumas espécies, com diferenças na localização, número e formato [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Discussão De Casounclassified

“…Eles são formados a partir defeitos durante a fase intrauterina. Apresentam estrutura e função imunológica semelhante à do baço principal [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Discussão De Casounclassified

Baço ectópico com hemangiossarcoma em cadela: relato de caso

Castro,

Silva,

Calejo

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Develop.

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Definisse baço ectópico quando encontrado tecido esplênico histologicamente normal em uma localização anormal, podendo ser classificado como um defeito congênito ou secundário. A forma congênita ocorre durante a formação embriológica do baço, causando uma separação de tecido esplênico, dando origem ao chamado, baço acessório. A forma secundária é uma autoimplantação de tecido esplênico em uma localização fora do baço principal ocorre após traumas ou cirurgia esplênica, dando origem a chamada, esplenose. Foi atendida uma cadela, da raça labrador, fêmea, com 9 anos para realização de ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH) eletiva, paciente estava assintomática. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi observado algumas estruturas arredondadas, de aspecto firme, localizadas em peritônio, foi coletado material para análise histopatológica confirmando o diagnóstico de esplenose. Após aproximadamente 1 ano da cirurgia, a paciente voltou ao hospital apresentando extensa formação em região de flanco do lado esquerdo acometendo musculatura, subcutâneo e se estendendo até a região abdominal ipsilateral. Foi realizado exame radiográfico, ultrassonográfico e tomográfico para planejamento cirúrgico. A paciente foi encaminhada para laparotomia exploratória, sendo feita a remoção da formação e nefrectomia esquerda devido a aderência formada nesta região. Foi feita a avaliação histológica onde concluiu-se quadro morfológico de formação esplênica compatível com Hemangiossarcoma Esplênico. Devido ao baço se apresentar preservado, sem nenhuma alteração macroscópia durante a laparotomia exploratória e sem alterações nos exames de imagem, correlacionamos o histórico prévio de esplenose encontrado na cirurgia de OSH e chegamos à conclusão que a esplenose tenha se desenvolvido e formado o hemangiossarcoma. O objetivo deste trabalho é elucidar a diferenciação de esplenose e baço acessório bem como relatar um caso de uma paciente com hemangiossarcoma em tecido esplênico ectópico (esplenose).

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Accessory spleen in cetaceans and its relevance as a secondary lymphoid organ

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen in a harbor porpoise (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>)

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen in a harbor porpoise (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>)

Inter-annual variation in environmental factors affect the prey and body condition of beluga whales in the eastern Beaufort Sea

Baço ectópico com hemangiossarcoma em cadela: relato de caso

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