Accommodation and convergence in visual space perception.

Grant, Victoria

doi:10.1037/h0062359

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, this observation is in contrast with the apparent depth between objects in a three-dimensional scene, which is reduced for monocular rather than binocular viewing (Allison, Gillam, & Vecellio, 2009;Foley, 1980;Frisby, Buckley, & Duke, 1996;Gogel, 1962;Grant, 1942;Koenderink, van Doorn, & Kappers, 1995;Komoda & Ono, 1974;McKee & Taylor, 2010;Swenson, 1932). Schlosberg (1941) explained augmentation of the plastic effect in monocular conditions by the reduction of "flatness" cues.…”

contrasting

confidence: 50%

Apparent depth of pictures reflected by a mirror: The plastic effect

Higashiyama

Shimono

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the plastic effect in picture perception, in which the apparent depth of a picture is increased when it is reflected by a mirror. The plastic effect was well known in the mid-18th century, but very few studies have elucidated its nature. In Experiment 1, we examined how often the plastic effect occurs in different ocular conditions. A group of 22 observers compared directly observed pictures and their mirror-reflected images in each of freebinocular, free-monocular, and restrictive-monocular conditions. When the observers were forced to choose the picture that appeared greater in depth, 73 % of them chose the reflected pictures, regardless of oculomotor condition. In Experiment 2, we examined how often the plastic effect is detected as a function of observation time. When 22 observers compared a directly watched movie and its mirrorreflected movie for 5 min, the number of observers who judged the reflected movie to be greater in depth was about 55 % at the onset of the trial but was 86 % at the end. In Experiment 3, we examined transfer of the plastic effect. Ten observers judged the change in apparent depth of directly observed pictures after prolonged exposure to the same reflected or actual pictures. Transfer was confirmed and was greater for pictures that represented greater depth (r 0 .88). We suggested that the plastic effect is mainly induced by the double apparent locations of a reflected picture. From the long incubation time and the transfer to real pictures, we also suggested that it involves perceptual learning regarding visual skill.

show abstract

contrasting

confidence: 50%

Apparent depth of pictures reflected by a mirror: The plastic effect

Higashiyama

Shimono

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A clearly focused retinal image and, in the case of binocular viewing, accurate registration of the two images, are prerequisite for optimal sensitivity and acuity. Additionally, the oculomotor adjustments influence the perception of size and distance at near distances, particularly in the absence of contextual distance information (Gogel & Sturm, 1972;Grant, 1942;Harvey & Leibowitz, 1967;Heineman, Tulving, & Nachmias, 1959;Leibowitz & Moore, 1966;Leibowitz, Shiina, & Hennessy, 1972;Swenson, 1932). Hence, control or assessment of oculomotor adjustments is essential when measuring these psychophysical and perceptual functions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result might be obtained, for example, by requiring the subject to observe a bright scene monocularly through a small artificial pupil, or by simply reducing the luminance of a binocularly viewed target. A nurpber of studies have shown that when subjects judge the distance of an object in a situation which contains few contextual cues and minimal oculomotor stimulation, responses tend to correspond to an intermediate distance regardless of the true stimulus distance (Gogel, 1969(Gogel, , 1972Grant, 1942;Mershon & Gogel, 1975). Gogel (1969Gogel ( , 1972 attributes such inappropriate distance perception to the "specific distance tendency," which he describes as a fundamental metric of the visual system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculomotor adjustments in darkness and the specific distance tendency

Owens

Leibowitz

1976

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A number of earlier studies have investigated the extent to which specific cues lead to an absolute or relative characterization of space. Several of these investigations show that ocular cues in near space contribute to absolute distance estimates (Fisher & Ciuffreda, 1988;Gogel, 1961;Grant, 1942;Wallach & Floor, 1971). Conversely, optical cues like optic flow 1 help to specify distance only to a scale factor (Koenderink, 1986;Lee, 1980;Prazdny, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of extraretinal signals to the scaling of object distance during self-motion

Panerai

Cornilleau-Pérès

Droulez

2002

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigatedthe role of extraretinalinformation in the perception of absolute distance. In a computersimulated environment, monocular observers judged the distance of objects positioned at different locations in depth while performing frontoparallel movements of the head. The objects were spheres covered with random dots subtending three different visual angles. Observers viewed the objects at eye level, either in isolation or superimposed on a ground floor. The distance and size of the spheres were covaried to suppress relative size information. Hence, the main cues to distance were the motion parallax and the extraretinal signals. In three experiments, we found evidence that (1) perceived distance is correlated with simulated distance in terms of precision and accuracy, (2) the accuracy in the distance estimate is slightly improved by the presence of a ground-floor surface, (3) the perceived distance is not altered significantly when the visual field size increases, and (4) the absolute distance is estimated correctly during self-motion. Conversely, stationary subjects failed to report absolute distance when they passively observed a moving object producing the same retinal stimulation, unless they could rely on knowledge of the three-dimensional movements. PANERAI, CORNILLEAU-PÉRÈS, AND DROULEZhand, few authors have pointed out a potential involvement of extraretinal signals in the calibration of motion parallax cues to recover absolute distance information (Bingham & Stassen, 1994;Eriksson, 1973Eriksson, , 1974. In the present investigation, we tested for experimental evidence of the role of extraretinal signals in the estimation of absolute distance. We compared performance of monocular subjects in two conditions: when they actively explored stationary objects while making head movements, and when they passively observed moving objects from a stationary position. The visual motion experienced by the subject in the active condition is reproduced in the passive condition by moving objects on the basis of previously recorded head trajectories. The results show that performance in estimating distance in the two conditions is dramatically different and suggest that extraretinal information plays an important role in scaling motion parallax for estimating object distance. Moreover, we examined the influence of two factors on subject's accuracy in reporting distance-namely, the presence of a ground surface (J. J. Gibson, 1950;Sinai, Ooi, & He, 1998) and the size amplitude of retinal stimulation (Coello & Grealy, 1997;B. J. Rogers & Bradshaw, 1993). According to previous investigators (Dijkstra, Cornilleau-Pérès, Gielen, & Droulez, 1995), the size of the stimulated visual field can be an effective parameter influencing the perception of three-dimensional shape from motion. Finally, work on visual-vestibular interaction (Dichgans & Brandt, 1978) suggests that the motion field size could influence the processing and the interpretation of optic flow, eliciting either an object motion or a self-motion percept. Conse...

show abstract

Accommodation and convergence in visual space perception.

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Apparent depth of pictures reflected by a mirror: The plastic effect

Apparent depth of pictures reflected by a mirror: The plastic effect

Oculomotor adjustments in darkness and the specific distance tendency

Contribution of extraretinal signals to the scaling of object distance during self-motion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About