Accounting for groundwater in future city visions

Bricker, Stephanie; Banks, Vanessa; Galik, G.; Tapete, Deodato; Jones, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.018

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Groundwater is an important type of water resource to play a critical role in the regional development (Béjar-Pizarro et al, 2017;Gholami et al, 2015;Li et al, 2018), especially in areas with limited water resource including coastal regions, arid regions, and megacities (Sefelnasr et al, 2015;Vandenbohede et al, 2009;Zhu et al, 2015). Half of the global megacities are estimated to depend on the groundwater resources for development (Bricker et al, 2017). Groundwater is also important drinking/ domestic water resource in many countries and regions (Béjar-Pizarro et al, 2017;Eschauzier et al, 2013;Fram and Belitz, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of coastal groundwater salinization on the distribution and risks of heavy metals

Wen

Lü

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

157

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Coastal groundwater quality significantly affects the regional sustainable development, due to the water resource shortage in coastal zone. Current studies on coastal groundwater have mainly focused on saline water intrusion and over-extraction. Information on the heavy metal pollution of coastal groundwater with salinization trend is limited. This study investigated heavy metals in groundwater from a typical coastal region with intensive anthropogenic activities and saline water intrusion. The southwestern coastal plains of the study area showed significant groundwater salinization trend. Heavy metals in the coastal groundwater mainly originated from anthropogenic activities and groundwater salinization according to principal component analysis. Relative high concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni occurred in the southwestern coast of the study area with high TDS level, indicating that the concentrations of these heavy metals in shallow aquifer of the study area might be influenced by the groundwater salinization. Average concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater of the study area ranged from 0.03 (Cd) to 686.92 (Fe) μg/L. Fe was the dominant heavy metal in groundwater with the maximal concentration of 2333.76 μg/L and exceeding-standard rate reaching 98.23%. Approximately 13.27% of sampling sites showed moderate or higher heavy metal pollution of groundwater based on heavy metal pollution index. Heavy metals in groundwater exerted low ecological risks. Elements Fe, Ni, and As were the main contributors for ecological risks. Cancer risks of heavy metals for both adults and children were high at all sampling sites. Non-cancer risks for adults and children were unacceptable at 4.42% and 17.70% of sampling sites, respectively. The

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of coastal groundwater salinization on the distribution and risks of heavy metals

Wen

Lü

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

157

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“…Other studies stressed the connections between groundwater and the near-surface climate via coupled numerical modelling experiments (Larsen et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2018). Shallow groundwater is also of importance in urban contexts (Bricker et al, 2017), with special focus on urban flooding which can be directly induced or indirectly intensified by high groundwater levels (Jankowfsky et al, 2014;Kreibich and Thieken, 2008;MacDonald et al, 2012). Moreover, MacDonald et al (2010) and Upton and Jackson (2011) studied the underlying processes, estimated return periods and mapped risk of groundwater flooding events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of the shallow water table at high spatial resolution using random forests

Koch

Berger

Henriksen

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Machine learning provides great potential for modelling hydrological variables at a spatial resolution beyond the capabilities of physically based modelling. This study features an application of random forests (RF) to model the depth to the shallow water table, for a wintertime minimum event, at a 50 m resolution over a 15 000 km2 domain in Denmark. In Denmark, the shallow groundwater poses severe risks with respect to groundwater-induced flood events, affecting both urban and agricultural areas. The risk is especially critical in wintertime, when the shallow groundwater is close to terrain. In order to advance modelling capabilities of the shallow groundwater system and to provide estimates at the scales required for decision-making, this study introduces a simple method to unify RF and physically based modelling. Results from the national water resources model in Denmark (DK-model) at a 500 m resolution are employed as covariates in the RF model. Thus, RF ensures physical consistency at a coarse scale and fully exhausts high-resolution information from readily available environmental variables. The vertical distance to the nearest water body was rated as the most important covariate in the trained RF model followed by the DK-model. The evaluation test of the trained RF model was very satisfying with a mean absolute error of 76 cm and a coefficient of determination of 0.56. The resulting map underlines the severity of groundwater flooding risk in Denmark, as the average depth to the shallow groundwater is 1.9 m and approximately 29 % of the area is characterized as having a depth of less than 1 m during a typical wintertime minimum event. This study brings forward a novel method for assessing the spatial patterns of covariate importance of the RF predictions that contributes to an increased interpretability of the RF model. Quantifying the uncertainty of RF models is still rare for hydrological applications. Two approaches, namely random forests regression kriging (RFRK) and quantile regression forests (QRF), were tested to estimate uncertainties related to the predicted groundwater levels.

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“…More recently, in the context of urban environments, the concept of the hyporheic zone has been extended to include the impacts of leaking pipes contributing water of different chemistry to the zone of transient storage or service ducts providing preferential pathways, perched water tables and altered flow and groundwater conditions, e.g. Bricker et al [9].…”

Section: Definitions and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Hyporheic Zone

Banks¹,

Palumbo-Roe²,

Russell³

2019

Hydrology - The Science of Water

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This chapter introduces the key concepts of the hyporheic zone. It considers the research context in terms of the Water Framework Directive and the breadth of literature associated with the hyporheic zone. The interplay between hydrological, chemical and biological processes is explained, and a range of different approaches to field sampling and monitoring are described. A framework for considering the factors contributing to the conceptualisation of the hyporheic zone is presented, with an emphasis on the importance of understanding streambed sediments and their architecture to assess hydraulic functioning and modelling of the hyporheic zone. The hyporheic zone in karst catchments is also given specific consideration.Returning to the theme of linked hydrological, biological and chemical processes, the results of two case studies demonstrate the value of integrating hydrological measurements with geochemistry in order to elucidate hyporheic zone functioning.

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Accounting for groundwater in future city visions

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Influence of coastal groundwater salinization on the distribution and risks of heavy metals

Influence of coastal groundwater salinization on the distribution and risks of heavy metals

Modelling of the shallow water table at high spatial resolution using random forests

The Hyporheic Zone

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