Accumulation of antioxidant phenolic constituents in submerged cultures of Inonotus obliquus

Styrylpyrone-class compounds from medicinal fungi Phellinus and Inonotus spp., and their medicinal importance

“…Nevertheless, the cultivated mushroom or cultured mycelia of P. linteus exhibited biological activities comparable to the wild-grown mushroom, and produced an abundant amount of yellow pigments containing mainly styrylpyrones with various biological activities. 28,29,34,[52][53][54][55][56][57]60,64,[72][73][74][75] In addition, the adverse effects of the medicinal mushrooms Phellinus and Inonotus have not been reported until now. Methanolic extracts of I. xeranticus did not show acute toxicity up to 2 g kg À1 in mice, and the LD 50 values of these extracts were above 2 g kg À1 , indicating the safe nature of these mushrooms.…”

“…Yield and composition of polyphenols, including phelligridins and inoscavins, can be considerably increased or extensively modified by addition of H 2 O 2 or H 2 O 2 and arbutin. 64 These conditions affected the diversity of styrylpyrones found in wild mushroom and mycelial cultures in different ways. Metabolites isolated from wild mushrooms have been reported to have greater complexity with greater structural diversity than those from the mycelial cultures or cultivated mushrooms, which are more vulnerable to microbial attacks, ultraviolet radiation and other conditions.…”

Correlation of nitric oxide produced by an inducible nitric oxide synthase-like protein with enhanced expression of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Inonotus obliquus cocultured with Phellinus morii

“…Measurements of enzymatic activity were conducted according to Zheng et al (2009a, b) for PAL and Lee et al (1997) for 4CL. For measurements of 1 H NMR spectroscopy, a total of 50 mg of mycelial phenolic extracts was dissolved in a mixed solution of 600 μl deuterated methyl disulfide (DMSO-d 6 ) and 50 μl of 100 mM sodium phosphate (prepared with D 2 O; pH 7.4) in a NMR tube for 1 H-NMR (1D and 2D) measurements following the parameters previously described (Zheng et al 2009b) on a 400-MHz NMR Spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin, Billarica, USA). Proton signals were assigned by referencing the standard as detailed in our previous study (Zheng et al 2011).…”

“…These polyporus basidiomycetes are thus thought to be a unique source for producing structurally diversified and biologically active natural products (Huang et al 2007;Guo et al 2012). In natural habitats, however, these polyporus fungi grow very slowly and are not reliable sources for these metabolites (Zheng et al 2009b). Previous attempts to grow these fungi as monocultures under laboratory conditions resulted in low quantities of phenylpropanoid derivatives (Park et al 2004;Zheng et al 2010), but growth of cocultures of Inonotus obliquus and Phellinus punctatus resulted in enhanced production of styrylpyrone polyphenols (Zheng et al 2011).…”

Progress on Understanding the Anticancer Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushroom: Inonotus Obliquus

“…In response to these, I. obliquus has evolved a complex series of integrated defense systems. In recent years, more than 20 different kinds of bioactive components have been found in I. obliquus mainly including inooidiol the precursor of vitamin D2, betulinic acid, oxygenated triterpenes (Handa et al, 2010), superoxide dismutase (SOD), trametenolic acid, dextran, tannin compounds, steroids, alkaloid, lanosterol (Nakamura et al, 2009), lanoline alkane type three terpenes, lignin, melanin catechol (Zheng et al, 2009), folic acid derivatives, sheath ammonia fat analogs, mannitol, polyphenol, lanosterol (Wang et al, 2001), half the tannin compounds, aromatic substances (Zhao and Piao, 2006;Taji et al, 2008), β-glucan (Rhee et al, 2008), peptides (Hyun et al, 2006), polysaccharides (Cui et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2007;Nakajima et al, 2007), polyphenols (Cui et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2007), triterpenoids, and steroids (Cui et al, 2005). Some components and their effects on tumor cell can be found in Table 1.…”