Accumulative increase of loss of heterozygosity from leukoplakia to foci of early cancerization in leukoplakia of the oral cavity

Jiang, Wei‐Wen; Fujii, Hiroaki; Shirai, Toshikazu; Mega, Hiroko; Takagi, Minoru

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20011101)92:9<2349::aid-cncr1582>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…OSCC begins as a focal clonal overgrowth of altered stem cells near the basement membrane, expands upward and laterally, replacing the normal epithelium [44]. With advanced techniques, short DNA sequences repeated throughout the genome (microsatellite markers) can be used to detect imbalance or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or allelic loss, in the genetic sequence of specific chromosomes [2, 42,43,[45][46][47]. LOH is defined as the loss of normal function of one allele of a gene in which the other allele becomes inactivated by mutation and results in a loss of tumor suppressor genes promoting carcinogenesis.…”

Section: Oral Cancerogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions

Epstein

Güneri

2009

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &Amp; Head &Amp; Neck Surgery

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TBlue positive lesions, whether histologically benign or with dysplasia, predict molecular change and behavior of oral premalignant lesions. TBlue may provide information regarding lesion margins, accelerate the decision to biopsy, guide biopsy site selection and treatment of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. These findings support the utility of TBlue as a clinical adjunct in assessment of oral mucosal lesions.

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Section: Oral Cancerogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions

Epstein

Güneri

2009

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &Amp; Head &Amp; Neck Surgery

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“…However, telomerase activity is normally found in lymphocytes; and considering that leukoplakias are often associated with chronic inflammation in the submucosa, interpretations of telomerase activity may be confounded. 40,41 Jiang et al 33 analyzed oral leukoplakias with respect to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and found a high prevalence of LOH in oral leukoplakias and an increase in LOH from leukoplakias to foci of early cancerization. These results notwithstanding, their prognostic impact was not documented.…”

Section: Molecular Markers Of Malignant Transition In Oral Premalignamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 This theory hypothesizes that the entire epithelial surface of the upper aerodigestive tract has an increased risk for the development of premalignant lesions because of multiple genetic abnormalities in the entire mucosal lining. However, a common clonal origin of multiple head-and-neck cancers is also possible and has been suggested by Jiang et al 33 Irrespective of whether multiple lesions have a common clonal origin, the multifocality of the lesions has important therapeutic implications as it significantly reduces the effectiveness of local therapeutic measures such as surgical excision. Again, this favors a chemopreventive approach using systemic agents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Retracted: Impact of genomic instability in risk assessment and chemoprevention of oral premalignancies

Reith¹,

Sudbø²

2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Head-and-neck cancer is a disfiguring disease with increasing incidence rates even in young people, whose exposure to known risk factors is limited. This emphasizes the importance of early identification, on an individual basis, of precursor lesions that will develop into carcinomas. The clinical value of identifying individuals at high risk of oral cancer is emphasized by the fact that these patients are likely to benefit from available chemopreventive measures, largely without adverse effects. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words : premalignant oral lesion; cancer risk; early diagnosis; prognosis; DNA ploidy; gross genomic aberration; chemoprevention; Oral squamous cell carcinomas have high mortality and morbidity and afflict an estimated 500,000 patients annually worldwide. [1][2][3][4] The incidence of oral carcinomas is especially high and increasing in developing countries. However, it is also increasing in Western countries, 5 substantially among younger people. 6 -8 Most cancers of the oral cavity are preceded by readily detectable white or red patches in the mucosal lining. The simple and straightforward detection of putative premalignant lesions gives a unique opportunity for identification of a malignant process and curative intervention at an early stage of oral carcinogenesis. Despite important advances in the field of head-and-neck oncology over the last decade, 9,10 identifying the subset of oral lesions that will progress to oral squamous cell carcinomas has remained a challenge. Reliable identification of lesions that are destined to become invasive cancers is possible. 11,12 Progress in determining the malignant potential of oral lesions allows more efficient chemopreventive treatment. 13 This review focuses on some diagnostic possibilities in premalignancies of the head and neck and on aspects of their molecular biology that may influence therapeutic approaches.PREMALIGNANT LESIONS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA Leukoplakias are frequently encountered lesions with a documented potential for transformation into oral squamous cell carcinomas. 14 -17 Erythroplakias, which are far rarer than leukoplakias, are considered to have a higher rate of malignant transformation (in some reports as high as 90%). 15 Detection of red or white patches does not require very sophisticated equipment or a particularly high degree of compliance from the patient. Since the days of Virchow, considerable knowledge of the morphologic manifestations of malignant genotypic changes has accumulated. In lesions of the oral cavity, the histologic finding of dysplasia has been considered to signal increased risk of malignant transformation. However, there is considerable uncertainty in the classification and grading of oral dysplasia, 18 -20 and several studies suggest that early and significant genetic changes do not necessarily correlate with observable morphologic changes within the mucosa. 11,12 Such changes have been detected and shown to signal subsequent transformation into manifest carcinoma, even in lesions classified as bei...

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“…Recognized markers include DNA ploidy, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), tumour suppressor genes (p53), and proto-oncogenes (cyclin D1, c-Myc, ras, epidermal growth factor receptor). [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] In the meantime however, there are many clinical diagnostic investigations that can be undertaken to help detect oral cancer, each with its inherent strengths and weaknesses. It should be noted from the outset that these aids do not replace the need for referral or biopsy of any suspicious lesion, but they can be used to help identify and monitor tissue alterations of the oral cavity by suitably trained practitioners.…”

Section: Diagnostic Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral cancer awareness for the general practitioner: new approaches to patient care

Farah

McCullough

2008

Australian Dental Journal

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In Australia, oral cancer accounts for approximately 2–3 per cent of all cancers, and approximately 1 per cent of deaths from cancer. The incidence of intra‐oral cancer is gradually increasing. It is now well established that early detection of potentially malignant disease can improve the clinical outcome for patients, and as such it is the responsibility of dentists to identify such lesions early. To facilitate early detection of suspicious oral lesions several clinical methods of detection can be used. In addition to conventional visual screening of oral tissues with the naked eye under projected incandescent or halogen illumination, there are many clinical diagnostic aids that can be undertaken to help detect oral cancer. In this article we explore clinically available modalities that may be used by the general dental practitioner, and highlight their inherent strengths and weaknesses.

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Accumulative increase of loss of heterozygosity from leukoplakia to foci of early cancerization in leukoplakia of the oral cavity

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions

The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions

Retracted: Impact of genomic instability in risk assessment and chemoprevention of oral premalignancies

Oral cancer awareness for the general practitioner: new approaches to patient care

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