Accuracy and Precision of Low-Cost Echosounder and Automated Data Processing Software for Habitat Mapping in a Large River

Helminen, Jani; Linnansaari, Tommi; Bruce, Meghann R.; Dolson-Edge, Rebecca; Curry, R. Allen

doi:10.3390/d11070116

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To understand differences in daytime physicochemical parameters in the water column (i.e., pH, temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen saturation % (hereafter oxygen), and specific conductivity (μS cm −1 at 25°C) associated with growth of macrophyte beds over the peak accumulation period, field data were collected at four sites in each of the lacustrine ( C. demersum ) and riverine ( E. densa ) sections between 20 November and 7 December 2018 ( C. demersum only) and January 22–30, 2019 (both species) following an initial echo‐sound survey and aquatic vegetation mapping (Helminen, Linnansaari, Bruce, Dolson‐Edge, & Curry, 2019; for site locations see Figure 1). At each site, vertical profiles of water‐column physicochemical parameters were measured at four points designated in terms of macrophyte proportion (range 0–1) as: ‘macrophyte‐free’ (A; x¯ ± SD ; 0.1 ± 0.3 proportional macrophyte height), ‘light’ (B; 0.3 ± 0.2), ‘dense‐edge’ (C; 0.6 ± 0.3), and ‘dense‐bed’ (D; 0.7 ± 0.3) (see Figure 2b for further explanation).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive macrophytes induce context‐specific effects on oxygen, pH, and temperature in a hydropeaking reservoir

Moore

Clearwater²,

Duggan

et al. 2020

River Research & Apps

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Dense macrophyte beds are known to produce extreme diurnal oxygen and temperature conditions in shallow lakes. However their influences in managed hydropeaking reservoirs has received limited attention. We measured dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature in the Lake Kar apiro hydroreservoir, northern New Zealand, across a gradient of proportional water-column height occupied by the invasive macrophytes Egeria densa and Ceratophyllum demersum, which dominated in the upperriverine (variable water inflow) and lower-lacustrine (variable water level) sections, respectively. Hypoxia and anoxia events that occurred inside invasive macrophyte beds during their summer peak biomass accumulation period were more pronounced for C. demersum than for E. densa, and within the bottom 20% of the water column. In contrast, pH and temperature changed little in relation to proportional macrophyte height. Macrophyte species differences in the production of hypoxia and anoxia events increased when site-specific hydropeaking management covariates (depth, inflows, water level) were accounted for. This association with hydropeaking likely resulted from contrasting hydrodynamics in the lower-lacustrine and upper-riverine lake sections, where oxygen can decrease with higher water levels and lower water inflow rates, respectively. During the course of our study, some macrophyte beds were treated with herbicide, enabling us to document prolonged and sustained hypoxic/anoxic conditions near the bottom following spraying. These results underscore the adverse effects of invasive macrophytes on water physicochemical attributes that sustain aquatic biota, and highlight the context-dependent nature of these effects moderated by reservoir management for hydropeaking and macrophyte control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive macrophytes induce context‐specific effects on oxygen, pH, and temperature in a hydropeaking reservoir

Moore

Clearwater²,

Duggan

et al. 2020

River Research & Apps

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“…run, riffle, pool and slack water) were classified using a decision tree adapted from Borsányi et al (2004; Table 1) based on crisp depth (1.0 and 3.0 m to delimit between shallow to medium and medium to deep categories, respectively) and water velocity (0.5 m s −1 to classify between fast and slow habitat) thresholds and drawn as geo‐referenced polygons on a field tablet running ArcGIS software. Depth was measured using an echosounder (with accuracy assessments by Helminen, Linnansaari, Bruce, Dolson‐Edge, & Curry, 2019), whereas water velocity was measured using an OTT metre (Type C20 ‘10.005’) with a calibration counter (model CMCsp from Hydrological Services Inc.). Field‐based mesohabitat maps at discrete flows were further used to evaluate the robustness of a 2D hydrodynamic model (Delft3D‐FLOW 4.01.00; Deltares, 2013) to predict the spatio‐temporal distribution of HMUs in the vicinity of the MGS and analyse patterns in HMU configuration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking fish assemblages to hydro‐morphological units in a large regulated river

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Flow-related changes of physical habitat represent a potentially significant environmental filter determining the presence and composition of fish assemblages in rivers. The mesoscale (10 0-10 3 m) of river habitat has been identified as an appropriate resolution to model linkages between fish and their abiotic environment that are relevant yet logistically feasible for management of large rivers with complex habitats and diverse fish assemblages. This study identified well-defined mesohabitat types (i.e. hydro-morphological units) that influence the fish community of the lower Saint John River, New Brunswick, downstream of a large hydropower generating station (the Mactaquac Generating Station). Four hydro-morphological units or habitats (i.e. pool, riffle, run and slack water) were identified and linked to three distinct fish assemblages. Eurytopic species represent habitat generalists that were common among all habitats throughout the study area. Rheophilic species preferred fastflowing run habitat, whereas limnophilic species were mainly associated with slack water habitat. Riffle habitats that frequently run dry during low flows were mostly vacant of fish species, suggesting that fish assemblages that would naturally occur in these environments could be affected by fluctuations in flow (i.e. hydropeaking) due to dam operation. Our improved understanding of the relationship between fish assemblages and hydro-morphological units is a fundamental first step to develop meaningful habitat models that can facilitate the effective evaluation of flow management options regarding hydropower and other flow manipulation activities in large rivers with diverse fish fauna.

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“…In navigable rivers, river bathymetry is typically measured with single beam or multi-beam sonar on-board manned or unmanned vessels (Bio et al, 2020;Halmai et al, 2020;Leyland et al, 2017;Specht et al, 2020;Stateczny et al, 2019;Young et al, 2017). However, sonar systems have limitations in measuring very shallow depths due to surface clutter and multipath effects (Albright Blomberg et al, 2013); furthermore, the accuracy of sonar signi cantly degrades in vegetated rivers (Helminen et al, 2019), indeed the high level of re ection of sound waves from the vegetation can result in depth measurements within vegetation canopy (Sabol, 2002). Additionally, deployment of boats can be time-consuming in remote areas and is limited to navigable water.…”

Section: Sonarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping inland water bathymetry with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) on board Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs)

Bandini

Kooij

Mortensen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Bathymetry of inland waterbodies is essential for river maintenance and flood risk management. Traditionally, in shallow depths bathymetry is retrieved by operators wading through the waterbody with Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), whilst in deeper depths it is retrieved with sonar instruments on manned or unmanned. In the past, researchers have documented the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) on boats (i.e. water-coupled GPR) for monitoring the bathymetry of frozen and non-frozen waterbodies. Furthermore, GPR has been used on helicopters for monitoring ice and snow thickness. However, deployment of GPR on board Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) in non-frozen inland water bodies with electric conductivity higher than 100 µS/cm (as is common in most inland waterbodies in non-polar regions) is unexplored. In this paper, we document the possibility to use drone-borne and water-coupled GPR in several cross-sections located in three different waterbodies (1 lake and 2 rivers) in Denmark. These waterbodies had different bed sediment materials and vegetation conditions, an electric conductivity varying from 200 to 340 µS/cm and depths up to 2.5 meters. Drone-borne GPR showed accuracy similar to water-coupled GPR when compared to RTK GNSS ground-truth measurements, with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of approx. 8 cm. The only limitations of drone-borne GPR were i) worse minimum depth measurement capability (typically 0.8–1.1 m for drone-borne GPR, while 0.3–0.4 metres for water-coupled GPR) ii) requirement to fly the GPR antenna at altitudes of approx. 0.5 meters above the water surface to avoid high spreading losses and strong surface clutter events hiding the signal. Finally, GPR measurements were benchmarked against traditional sonar measurements, showing that GPR measurements significantly outperform sonar measurements in waterbodies with medium or high density of aquatic vegetation.

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Accuracy and Precision of Low-Cost Echosounder and Automated Data Processing Software for Habitat Mapping in a Large River

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Invasive macrophytes induce context‐specific effects on oxygen, pH, and temperature in a hydropeaking reservoir

Invasive macrophytes induce context‐specific effects on oxygen, pH, and temperature in a hydropeaking reservoir

Linking fish assemblages to hydro‐morphological units in a large regulated river

Mapping inland water bathymetry with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) on board Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs)

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