“…Furthermore, their findings augment the growing evidence-base suggesting the utility of biomarkers of kidney damage to provide additional diagnostic and prognostic information regarding the presence, severity, and likely course of AKI in high-risk settings, beyond what can be discerned by the use of markers of renal function (GFR and urine output) alone. Such diagnostic and prognostic accuracy has the potential to significantly improve the clinical evaluation and management of AKI, including aggressive resuscitation of patients with AKI but no evidence of kidney damage ('prerenal', reversible renal hypoperfusion resulting in decreased GFR) [4,6], and early initiation of dialysis in patients with evolving AKI caused by severe ATN (based upon biomarker evidence of severe renal tubular damage) [3,4,14]. Thus, the emerging use of novel AKI biomarkers of renal dysfunction and damage can offer the prospect of appropriate, early, goal-directed therapy of AKI in high risk patients, including prompt reversal where possible [6], and aggressive renal support where necessary [3,4,14].…”