Accurate circuit model for steady-state and dynamic performance of Lead-Acid AGM batteries

Peng, Wenxin; Baghzouz, Y.

doi:10.1109/icuepes.2011.6497726

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 3, averaged Ohmic resistances, short and long time resistances of a 68 Ah X2 Power 12V lead-acid battery [4,5,6] were implemented in Matlab/Simulink lookup tables to estimate the effects of SOC and charging/discharging currents. Ohmic resistances in the charging mode (R_s_chg) are higher than those in discharge (R_s_dchg), as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Equivalent Circuit Cell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The battery heat generation, Q ees_gen is calculated by (4) The battery pack resistance, R Batt , is obtained by (5) where R O is battery cell discharging or charging resistance. The cell resistance, R O, is estimated by using a 2-dimensional discharging look-up table when battery current is positive, and by using the charging resistance for negative battery current.…”

Section: Battery Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Validation of 12V Lead-Acid Battery for Stop-Start Technology

Lee

Cherry²,

Safoutin³

et al. 2017

SAE Technical Paper Series

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As part of the Midterm Evaluation of the 2017-2025 Light-duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Standards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed simulation models for studying the effectiveness of stop-start technology for reducing CO 2 emissions from light-duty vehicles. Stop-start technology is widespread in Europe due to high fuel prices and due to stringent EU CO2 emissions standards beginning in 2012. Stop-start has recently appeared as a standard equipment option on high-volume vehicles like the Chevrolet Malibu, Ford Fusion, Chrysler 200, Jeep Cherokee, and Ram 1500 truck. EPA has included stop-start technology in its assessment of CO 2-reducing technologies available for compliance with the standards. Simulation and modeling of this technology requires a suitable model of the battery. The introduction of stop-start has stimulated development of 12-volt battery systems capable of providing the enhanced performance and cycle life durability that it requires. Much of this activity has involved advanced lithium-ion chemistries, variations of lead-acid chemistries, such as absorbed-glass-mat (AGM) designs, and lead-carbon formulations. EPA tested several AGM batteries that are used in OEM start-stop systems. The purpose of this testing was to develop an equivalent circuit model for integration into EPA's ALPHA vehicle simulation model. Testing was performed at the Battery Test Facility (BTF) at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The Duracell batteries referenced are model number SLI49AGM with a rating of 92 Ah and the X2 Power batteries referenced are model number SLI34-78AGMDP with a rating of 68 Ah. Both batteries are 6 cell 12 volt using AGM technology. For compatibility with the voltage specifications of the BTF equipment, tests were performed on two batteries connected in series (nominal 24 volts). This paper presents the development and validation of the lead-acid battery model. The battery model is a standard equivalent circuit model with two Resistance-Capacitance (RC) blocks. Resistances and capacitances were calculated using test data from a Duracell 92Ah lead-acid battery which is aftermarket equipment for the Chevrolet Malibu. The lead-acid battery library in the ALPHA model was validated with data obtained from Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) from their chassis dynamometer testing of the 2010 Mazda 3 Hatchback i-Stop [9] and 2010 VW Golf TDI Diesel Bluemotion [10]. The simulated battery voltages, currents, and state of charge (SOC) are in excellent agreement with the vehicle test data on a number of drive schedules.

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Section: Equivalent Circuit Cell Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Battery Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Validation of 12V Lead-Acid Battery for Stop-Start Technology

Lee

Cherry²,

Safoutin³

et al. 2017

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accounting for power and SOC dynamics, it can be considered that the power steady-state has been reached and equations (38)- (40) are valid. By means of (8), (38) and (47), the expression for the SOC difference is obtained as ( )…”

Section: Influence Of Mp and Ms On The Soc Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-charge-based droop control for stand-alone AC supply systems with distributed energy storage

Urtasun

Sanchis

Marroyo

2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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The droop method is an advantageous technique for stand-alone AC supply systems, allowing for power sharing among various inverters with no need for communication cables. However, in stand-alone systems with multiple distributed energy storage units, the conventional droop methods are unable to control the storage unit state-of-charge (SOC) in order to change simultaneously. Existing techniques endeavor to solve this problem by changing the slope of the P-f curve however this solution compromises the power response performance. As an alternative, this paper proposes a new SOC-based droop control, whereby the P-f curve is shifted either upwards or downwards according to the battery SOC. The proposed technique makes it possible to select the time constant for the battery SOC convergence and, at the same time, to optimize the power response performance. The paper also shows how the SOC changes when the ratios between the battery capacity and the inverter rated power are different and how the proposed technique can limit the SOC imbalance. Simulation and experimental results corroborate the theoretical analysis.

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“…A novel, simple and sensitive model of lithium cell is described here. The general equivalent circuit model has n RC blocks which can be minimized into ECM with just a single RC block with n=1 which is sufficient to capture all dynamic characteristics of a lithium cell such as cell inner temperature, average discharge current and non-linear open circuit voltage [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. A suitable pulse discharge current tests were conducted on NMC cells under different working conditions and dynamic parametric estimation of data is collected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of one and two time constant models for lithium ion battery

Rajanna¹,

Kumar²

2020

IJECE

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The fast and accurate modeling topologies are very much essential for power train electrification. The importance of thermal effect is very important in any electrochemical systems and must be considered in battery models because temperature factor has highest importance in transport phenomena and chemical kinetics. The dynamic performance of the lithium ion battery is discussed here and a suitable electrical equivalent circuit is developed to study its response for sudden changes in the output. An effective lithium cell simulation model with thermal dependence is presented in this paper. One series resistor, one voltage source and a single RC block form the proposed equivalent circuit model. The 1 RC and 2 RC Lithium ion battery models are commonly used in the literature are studied and compared. The simulation of Lithium-ion battery 1RC and 2 RC Models are performed by using Matlab/Simulink Software. The simulation results in his paper shows that Lithium-ion battery 1 RC model has more maximum output error of 0.42% than 2 RC Lithium-ion battery model in constant current condition and the maximum output error of 1 RC Lithium-ion battery model is 0.18% more than 2 RC Lithium-ion battery model in UDDS Cycle condition. The simulation results also show that in both simple and complex discharging modes, the error in output is much improved in 2 RC lithium ion battery model when compared to 1 RC Lithium-ion battery model. Thus the paper shows for general applications like in portable electronic design like laptops, Lithium-ion battery 1 RC model is the preferred choice and for automotive and space design applications, Lithium-ion 2 RC model is the preferred choice. In this paper, these simulation results for 1 RC and 2 RC Lithium-ion battery models will be very much useful in the application of practical Lithium-ion battery management systems for electric vehicle applications.

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Accurate circuit model for steady-state and dynamic performance of Lead-Acid AGM batteries

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Modeling and Validation of 12V Lead-Acid Battery for Stop-Start Technology

Modeling and Validation of 12V Lead-Acid Battery for Stop-Start Technology

State-of-charge-based droop control for stand-alone AC supply systems with distributed energy storage

Comparison of one and two time constant models for lithium ion battery

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