Accurate Location of Evolving Faults on Transmission Lines Using Sparse Wide Area Measurements

Abstract

In electric power systems, not all fault conditions remain unchanged during faults. An evolving fault has one characteristic initially and changes to a different condition subsequently. Locating evolving faults is challenging due to the change in fault type shortly after the fault initiation. This paper presents a new approach for estimating the locations of evolving faults on transmission lines. By using sparse wide area voltage measurements, this method is able to accurately locate evolving faults without requiring measurements from either end of the faulted line. There is no need to detect whether a fault is an evolving fault or not. Fault type information is not a necessity either, and the change of fault phases does not affect the estimation accuracy. In addition, the algorithm is applicable to both single-circuit and double-circuit lines, and the transmission lines can be either transposed or untransposed. Distributed parameter line model is adopted to fully consider the shunt capacitances of the transmission lines. Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) is employed to simulate transmission system, and quite accurate results have been achieved.

Application of Admittance-Based Relaying Scheme Under Dynamic Shunt Compensation

“…When the number of phase/phases involved in a fault changes with time, such type of fault is termed as evolving fault as per [15] and may create vagueness in relaying operation. To have an evolving fault, a B-G fault is introduced at 2.6 s and after 0.06 s, an A-G fault is incepted at the same location, i.e., at 100 km (F 2 ) from end-s with R f = 25 and corresponding result is manifested in Fig.…”