Acetone, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide in exhaled breath of several volunteers aged 4–83 years

Španěl, Patrik; Dryahina, Kseniya; Smith, David

doi:10.1088/1752-7155/1/1/011001

Cited by 101 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hydrogen cyanide has recently been the subject of several studies conducted with SIFT-MS. Medians of around 10 ppbv were found in the breath of children and senior adults byŠpaněl et al [8], who also reported a median of 8 ppbv in the breath of 26 young adults [4]. In contrast to these results, the majority of 200 healthy school children had breath HCN levels below 2 ppbv in a study conducted by Enderby et al [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The concentration of hydrogen cyanide in human breath typically ranges from several parts per billion by volume (ppbv) to tens of ppbv [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Systemic breath HCN may originate from metabolism, microorganisms, neutrophil-mediated cyanide generation [15] and enzymatic activity [7], or from exogenous sources such as food containing cyanogenic glycosides [16] and exposure to tobacco smoke or combustion gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Background levels and diurnal variations of hydrogen cyanide in breath and emitted from skin

et al. 2011

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Journal of Breath Research. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Abstract. The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration in exhaled human breath and skin gas samples collected with different sampling techniques was measured using nearinfrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The median baseline HCN concentrations in samples provided by 19 healthy volunteers 2-4 hours after the last meal depended on the employed sampling technique: 6.5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) in mixed (dead space and end-tidal) mouth-exhaled breath collected to a gas sampling bag, 3.9 ppbv in end-tidal mouth-exhaled breath, 1.3 ppbv in end-tidal nose-exhaled breath, 1.0 ppbv in unwashed skin, and 0.6 ppbv in washed skin samples. Diurnal measurements showed that elevated HCN levels are to be expected in mouth-exhaled breath samples after food and drink intake, which suggests HCN generation in the oral cavity. The HCN concentrations in end-tidal nose-exhaled breath and skin gas samples correlated and it is concluded that these concentrations best reflect systemic HCN levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background levels and diurnal variations of hydrogen cyanide in breath and emitted from skin

et al. 2011

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“…However, one issue in breath acetone measurements, which is often neglected, is that many intra-individual biological parameters (age, gender, body mass index (BMI), etc.) influence the BA concentration [6][7][8][9]. Therefore, it would be insightful to study longitudinal variations of BA in given individuals that have no baseline effect resulting from individual physiological heterogeneity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Monitoring of Breath Acetone, Blood Glucose and Blood Ketone in 20 Type 1 Diabetic Outpatients Over 30 Days

Sun¹,

Wang²,

Yuan³

et al. 2017

J Anal Bioanal Tech

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Although breath acetone (BA) has been identified as a breath biomarker for some abnormal metabolic status, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetes under insulin treatments, on a ketogenic diet, heart congestion failure, and post intense exercises, many intra-individual biological parameters also influence the breath acetone concentration. Therefore, it would be insightful to study longitudinal variations of breath acetone concentration in given individuals that have no baseline effect resulting from individual physiological heterogeneity. We carried out a daily-based continuous monitoring of BA, blood glucose (BG), and blood ketone (BK) in 20 type 1 diabetic (T1D) outpatients and 5 healthy volunteers over a period of 30 days. 600 breath samples from the T1D outpatients and the healthy subjects were collected and tested. BA was measured using a cavity ringdown BA analyzer. Simultaneous BG and BK levels were also measured using a standard BG/ketone meter. Our findings include: (1) The T1D subjects have elevated mean BA concentrations as compared to the controls. (2) There exists a positive correlation (R=0.57, P<0.05) between the individual mean BA concentration and the individual mean BK in the 20 T1D outpatients. (3) Some adverse or abnormal physiological conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, low body mass index or a special daily activity (e.g., exercises) can be identified via an abnormal BA concentration. This study suggests that continuous monitoring BA is useful in monitoring some abnormal physiological status such as T1D outpatients with very high BG or ketone bodies.

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“…The natural intra-individual biological and diurnal variability can easily cause wide variations in breath acetone concentration [7][8][9][10]. One of the ideal approaches to this end is the implementation of a rat model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Breath Acetone in a Rat Mode of 126 Rats with Type 1 Diabetes

Wang¹,

Sun²,

Zhao³

et al. 2017

J Anal Bioanal Tech

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We investigate correlations of breath acetone with blood glucose (BG) and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in a rat model of 126 streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic (T1D) and 32 healthy rats, and evaluate the role of breath acetone analysis as a non-invasive alternative in diabetes screening and management. We conducted breath acetone analysis using a T1D rat model under various conditions, including fasting and insulin-treated. Breath acetone concentrations were measured using a cavity ringdown breath acetone analyzer, LaserBreath-001. The results showed that the breath acetone, BG, and BHB in the T1D rat group were significantly different from those in the healthy group (P<0.05). Significant positive relationships between breath acetone and blood BHB existed in both T1D and healthy groups, as well as in a group of T1D rats under fasting condition and insulin treatment. When the BG concentrations were grouped as follows: 16.5-24.4, 24.5-27.7, and 27.8-41.7 mmol/L, a moderate negative correlation between breath acetone and BG was observed in the T1D group. Furthermore, the accuracy of diabetes screening using breath acetone was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis method and results showed that the accuracy is low when the area under ROC curve (AUC) is <0.6425.

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Acetone, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide in exhaled breath of several volunteers aged 4–83 years

Cited by 101 publications

References 10 publications

Background levels and diurnal variations of hydrogen cyanide in breath and emitted from skin

Background levels and diurnal variations of hydrogen cyanide in breath and emitted from skin

Continuous Monitoring of Breath Acetone, Blood Glucose and Blood Ketone in 20 Type 1 Diabetic Outpatients Over 30 Days

Study of Breath Acetone in a Rat Mode of 126 Rats with Type 1 Diabetes

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