Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of a carbazole alkaloid, mahanimbine, from Murraya koenigii

Abstract

In the search for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors from Indian medicinal plants, via bioassay-guided isolation, a carbazole alkaloid, mahanimbine [3, 5-dimethyl-3-(4- methylpent-3-enyl)-11H-pyrano [5, 6-a] carbazole], was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii. Inhibition of AChE was evaluated based on Ellman's method using 96-well microplate readers. Mahanimbine inhibited AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 0.03 +/- 0.09 mg/mL, while galantamine was used as a standard. The AChE inhibitory activity of this carbazole alkaloid has not been reported so far, and this study is the first to reveal this activity in carbazole alkaloid mahanimbine, isolated from Murraya koenigii.

Cytochrome P450 inhibitory potential of selected Indian spices — possible food drug interaction

“…M. koenigii (Family: Rutaceae) leaves have been used Food Research International 45 (2012) 69-74 traditionally for the treatment of epilepsy and CNS stimulant. Curry leaf also has anti-amnesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial, anticancer, hypolipidemic and acetyl cholinesterase inhibition activity (Gupta & Singh, 2007;Kumar, Mukherjee, Bhadra, Saha, & Pal, 2010). Rhizome of Z. officinale (Family: Zingiberaceae) has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antitumorigenic properties and also used for the treatment of headaches, nausea, febrile conditions; colds; arthritis, rheumatic disorders and muscular discomfort (Nirmala, Krishna, & Polasa, 2010;Ojewole, 2006).…”

RP‐HPLC‐DAD for simultaneous estimation of mahanine and mahanimbine in Murraya koenigii

“…Extraction of plant material was done using 90% methanol and complete removal of the solvent from extract was ensured by the rotary vacuum evaporate under reduced pressure to get a sticky mass which was finally lyophilized to obtain a dry powder (Kumar et al, 2010).…”

“…HPTLC densitometric standardization and marker analyses of several medicinal plants have been reported from our laboratory so far (Gantait et al, 2010;Rai et al, 2006;Kumar et al, 2008;Mukherjee et al, 2008). HPTLC standardization of M. koenigii with respect to mahanimbine has also been reported (Kumar et al, 2010). However, there is no published report on contemporary estimation of mahanine and mahanimbine by RP-HPLC.…”

“…Leaves of this plant are reported to be used for the treatment of epilepsy, CNS stimulant and anti-amnesic. It also possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity (Kumar et al, 2010). The leaves also reported to have antidiabetic activity (Gupta and Singh, 2007).…”

“…It also induces apoptosis (Sinha et al, 2006) and is effective in type 2 diabetes (Biswas et al, 2010), while mahanimbine [3,5-dimethyl-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-11H-pyrano(3,2-a)carbazole; Fig. 1B] is reported to have antioxidant (Ramsewak et al, 1999), antidiabetic, hypolipidemic (Dineshkumar et al, 2010) and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential (Kumar et al, 2010).…”