Acidosis and hypercalciuria: renal mechanisms affecting calcium, magnesium and sodium excretion in the sheep

Stacy, B. D.; Wilson, B.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009226

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similar increases in urinary calcium and magnesium excretion after intravenous acid infusion have been reported in the sheep and the dog [Williamson and Freeman, 1957;Stacy and Wilson, 1970] while increases in calcium excretion in the urine following addition of either mineral acid or ammonium chloride to the food have been reported in a variety of species including the pig [Lamb and Evvard, 1919;Scott, 1971], and although it is widely accepted that increased excretion of calcium in the urine is a normal feature of a developing acidosis, opinions differ whether this calcium results from bone dissolution, or altered renal tubular reabsorption or absorption from the gut.…”

Section: Infusion Of Hcisupporting

confidence: 75%

Changes in Blood Composition and in Urinary Mineral Excretion in the Pig in Response to Acute Acid‐base Disturbance

Scott¹,

McIntosh²

1975

Exp Physiol

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Young pigs (about 25 kg) were given intravenous infusions of hydrochloric acid or sodium bicarbonate to produce acute variations in blood pH. Infusion of acid resulted in increased excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and ammonia in the urine. The concentrations of potassium and chloride in the plasma were increased while those of calcium and phosphorus were reduced. Infusion of alkali produced few changes in urinary mineral excretion: potassium being increased and ammonia reduced. Changes in the plasma in response to alkali infusion included an increase in sodium concentration and a fall in the concentrations of potassium and chloride.Normal values for blood pH, pCO2 and base excess found in the pigs used in these studies were all higher than those considered to be normal in both man and dog. Renal bicarbonate threshold in the pig was also higher than in those other species in that little or no bicarbonate appeared in the urine until the concentration of bicarbonate in the plasma exceeded 31-32 mmol/l.

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Section: Infusion Of Hcisupporting

confidence: 75%

Changes in Blood Composition and in Urinary Mineral Excretion in the Pig in Response to Acute Acid‐base Disturbance

Scott¹,

McIntosh²

1975

Exp Physiol

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“…The reduced urinary Ca excretion in calves fed high DCAD diets might be due to gradual vanishing effect of metabolic acidosis. Ruminant kidneys are highly sensitive to blood acid base status and increase the excretion of Ca during acidosis, independent of the hormonal action usually associated with Ca metabolism (Stacy and Wilson, 1970). These results are in concordance with West et al (1992) who observed an increased urinary Ca: creatinine (0.30 versus 0.09) excretion with increased (120 versus 465 mEq/kg) level of DCAD.…”

Section: Calcium Balancesupporting

confidence: 70%

Nutrient intake, acid base status and growth performance of growing male buffalo calves fed varying level of dietary cation anion difference

2007

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“…Other evidence indicates an inverse Scott relationship between excretion of calcium in urine and urine pH. This has been shown in sheep, calves and red deer [Stacy, 1969;Stacy and Wilson, 1970;Scott et al, 1971;Scott, 1971]. A similar relationship was also found in the pig given either ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate in the food although in two pigs given an intravenous infusion of hydrochloric acid increased excretion of calcium occurred without any further decline in urine pH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Renal Excretion of Acid and Base in the Pig

Scott¹

1971

Exp Physiol

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Pigs fed a meal diet excreted between 100 and 200 m-equiv/day of acid in the urine and about one-third of this acid was present as titratable acid phosphate and the remainder as ammonium ions.Acidosis, produced by giving NH4Cl in the food or infusing HCl intravenously, increased the urinary excretion of acid, and nearly all of this increase appeared as ammonium ions without increased excretion of phosphate.Acidosis also increased urinary excretion of calcium and sodium but excretion of potassium was not affected. Few changes in faecal mineral excretion occurred during acidosis although sodium excretion was reduced.Ingestion of sodium bicarbonate increased urine pH and urinary excretion of bicarbonate but reduced the excretion of calcium in urine.These results suggest that renal control of acid and base excretion in the pig is similar to that in man and the dog.Acid is eliminated in the urine largely either as ammonium ions or as titratable acid, of which acid phosphate (H2PO ) is the main component. In man and dog increased excretion of phosphate and titratable acid are observed in response to acidosis, although most workers agree that these increases are usually small and occur during the first day or so, and that thereafter nearly all of the extra acid excreted in urine appears as ammonium ions [Gamble, Blackfan, and Hamilton, 1925;Schiess, Ayer, Lotspeich and Pitts, 1948;Sartorius, Roemmelt and Pitts, 1949].Previous experiments [Lamb and Evvard, 1919a] have shown that the pig can withstand the inclusion of large amounts of mineral acid in the food without any impairment of growth, and a large part of the acid ingested appeared in the urine as ammonium ions with little or no change in the rate of excretion of titratable acid [Lamb and Evvard, 1919b]. This suggests that renal control of acid excretion in the pig is probably similar to that in man and dog and the purpose of the present experiments was to see if this were so. METJODSAnimals and diet. Ten castrate Large White pigs varying from 30 to 67 kg in weight were used in these studies. During experiments they were kept in cages which allowed the separate collection of faeces and urine. The diet used contained 75 per cent barley, 7-5 per cent fish meal, 7-5 per cent soya bean meal and 10 per cent wheatings. A mineral supplement was added to this mixture at the rate of 10 lb per ton. In most experiments the pigs were fed 1,OOOg of this meal each daybut in one experiment using larger pigs food intake was increased to 1,400 g/day. Each day's food was given in two equal portions mixed with water at 09*00 and 17-00 hr.Ingestion of ammonium chloride. After control observations lasting 6 days acidosis was induced in three pigs by giving 200 m-mole of ammonium chloride in the water

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Acidosis and hypercalciuria: renal mechanisms affecting calcium, magnesium and sodium excretion in the sheep

Cited by 62 publications

References 21 publications

Changes in Blood Composition and in Urinary Mineral Excretion in the Pig in Response to Acute Acid‐base Disturbance

Changes in Blood Composition and in Urinary Mineral Excretion in the Pig in Response to Acute Acid‐base Disturbance

Nutrient intake, acid base status and growth performance of growing male buffalo calves fed varying level of dietary cation anion difference

Renal Excretion of Acid and Base in the Pig

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