Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus Causing Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Pal, Ram; Sujatha, V.; Kale, Vinita

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)90570-5

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…All involved previously damaged heart valves and were associated either with intravenous drug abuse (four cases) or with open heart surgery (five cases). The latter were nosocomial and affected, like three cases in drug addicts, prosthetic valves with early or late infections and one congenital ventricular septal defect" 21 . One case showed a mixed culture with viridans streptococci, probably caused by blood reflux from a contaminated collection tube' 111 .…”

Section: Pseudomonas Maltophiliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocarditis due to nonfermentative gram-negative rods. An updated review

Graevenitz

1987

European Heart Journal

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KEY WORDS: Endocarditis, nonfermenters.This review covers endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. maltophilia (9 cases), P. Pseudomonas aeruginosaThis is the most frequently isolated 'nonfermenter' in the clinical laboratory. Endocarditis is uncommon (as compared to other infections) except in drug addicts (80-90%) and following cardiac surgery or other P. aeruginosa infections (10-20%). In most European reports on endocarditis 1231 as well as in a recent American review of 104 cases' 4 ) P. aeruginosa was not reported as an agent of endocarditis. ENDOCARDITIS IN DRUG ADDICTS 1 '• 51From 1967-76, Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused approximately 5% of all drug-related endocarditis cases in the United States. In that group it is the most frequent gram-negative rod (60%). In one series of nine cases from Detroit, polymicrobial endocarditis in drug addicts included P. aeruginosa in five' 61 . In that city and in Chicago, P. aeruginosa endocarditis seems to be concentrated. In many respects, the disease resembles that of Staphylococcus aureus in addicts. The mean age is below 30 years, men are more frequently affected than women (6:1) and underlying valvular disease occurs in less than 20%. The course is subacute in approximately 70% of the cases, i.e. when the tricuspid valve is involved. If the left-sided valves are affected (approximately 20%), the course tends to be acute. Cutaneous signs and shock are usually absent. In right-sided disease, embolic cavitary lung lesions, in left-sided disease, congestive heart failure and systemic emboli are seen in more than 50%. Treatment for every case should be with an anti-Pseudomonas penicillin plus an aminoglycoside at maximal possible doses (checkerboard testing!). Refractory cases of right-sided endocarditis (approximately 60%) should be treated with valve removal, while left-sided cases should be operated on immediately. Mortality rates have decreased lately (70% for left-sided, 30 % for right-sided disease); they are higher in patients over 30 years and in mixed infections.The striking predominance of serotype 11 in Chicago 171 in P. aeruginosa endocarditis (but not in other infections) should suggest a common source and/or continued transmission. In Detroit, several serotypes prevailed 151 . In Chicago, P. aeruginosa endocarditis was more frequently associated with the use of pentazocine and tripelennamine than with heroin, in striking contrast to S. aureus endocarditis. The source of the organism seems to be tap water or other environmental sources; the serotype involved in cases of endocarditis was found in four out of nine addict syringes' 81 .

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Section: Pseudomonas Maltophiliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocarditis due to nonfermentative gram-negative rods. An updated review

Graevenitz

1987

European Heart Journal

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“…(2010) andHoril eí al. (2011). and A. junii detected in our study are usually associated with the clinical environment and nosocomial infections including meningitis, endophthalmitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, wound infection, endocarditis, blood stream infection, empyema, peritonitis and keratitis (Pal et al 1981;Filka et al 2000;Hunt et al 2000;Gopal et al 2003;Maragakis & Perl 2008;Hung et al 2009;Turton et al 2010;Horii et al 2011). Members of this genus are also associated with multiple antibiotic resistances, and many widespread strains belonging to these species are resistant to almost all antibiotics currently in use.…”

Section: Detection Of the Gene For Carbapenem-hydrol/sing /^-Lactamase |mentioning

confidence: 56%

Characterization of microbial communities distributed in the groundwater pumped from deep tube wells in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal

Tanaka

Nishida

Nakamura

et al. 2011

Journal of Water and Health

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Although groundwater is a major water supply source in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, it is known that the groundwater has significant microbial contamination exceeding the drinking water quality standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), and that this has been implicated in causing a variety of diseases among people living in the valley. However, little is known about the distribution of pathogenic microbes in the groundwater. Here, we analysed the microbial communities of the six water samples from deep tube wells by using the 16S rRNA gene sequences based culture-independent method. The analysis showed that the groundwater has been contaminated with various types of opportunistic microbes in addition to fecal microbes. Particularly, the clonal sequences related to the opportunistic microbes within the genus Acinetobacter were detected in all samples. As many strains of Acinetobacter are known as multi-drug resistant microbes that are currently spreading in the world, we conducted a molecular-based survey for detection of the gene encoding carbapenem-hydrolysing β-lactamase (bla oxa-23-like gene), which is a key enzyme responsible for multi-drug resistance, in the groundwater samples. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two specific primer sets for amplifying bla oxa-23-like gene indicated that two of six groundwater samples contain multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter.

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