Acne Pathogenesis: What We Have Learned Over the Years

Dessinioti, Clio

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69375-8_8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It grows on sebaceous, greasy skin and uses sebum as nutrient source [3]. Sebum plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne [4], because P. acnes releases lipases, proteases and hydrolases into the sebum which promotes oxidative stress, inflammation and tissue destruction [5]. Degraded hyaluronic acid can activate the Toll Like Receptor-2 (TLR-2) on follicular keratinocytes eventually leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, or IL-8) [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hop Extract Acts as an Antioxidant with Antimicrobial Effects against Propionibacterium Acnes and Staphylococcus Aureus

Weber

Biehler

Schwabe³

et al. 2019

Molecules

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Acne is associated with hyperkeratosis, elevated levels of skin sebum and growth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, P. acnes promotes inflammation by inducing IL-6 production and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of a hop-CO2-extract with 50% humulone and lupulone. The susceptibility of P. acnes and S. aureus to the hop extract was tested by using the broth microdilution technique. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for P. acnes and S. aureus were 3.1 and 9.4 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the hop extract showed an antioxidative effect with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 29.43 µg/mL as well as additional anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the IL-6 expression (IC50: 0.8 µg/mL). In addition, a gel formulation with 0.3% hop extract (w/w) had antibacterial activity against P. acnes and S. aureus (inhibition zone value: 5.5 mm and 3 mm, respectively) which was significantly superior to the placebo gel. The positive control (a gel with the antibiotic clindamycin) showed an inhibition zone of 9 mm. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects hop extract might be a treatment option for acne-prone skin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hop Extract Acts as an Antioxidant with Antimicrobial Effects against Propionibacterium Acnes and Staphylococcus Aureus

Weber

Biehler

Schwabe³

et al. 2019

Molecules

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“…It colonizes the skin and hair follicles, thriving in sebaceous environments in which it uses sebum as a primary source of nutrients [36]. Furthermore, the involvement of sebum in the development of acne has been established [37] and is reportedly due to the release of lipases, proteases, and hydrolases by P. acnes into sebum, which subsequently leads to the promotion of oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage [38]. Similarly, M. furfur is a lipophilic yeast that constitutes a component of the indigenous human cutaneous microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Pinus densiflora Essential Oil

Oh,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2023

Foods

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The Korean mountains are home to the Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora). Pine needle oil has been used as a food additive and a traditional herbal medicine; however, any health-related properties of its trunk oil remain unknown. Herein, we assessed antibacterial and antiviral properties of essential oil extracted from the trunk of P. densiflora. Th extracted oil was hydrodistilled using a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested using the microbroth dilution technique against 10 bacterial species (6 g-positive and 4 g-negative) and fungi. The extract exerted strong antimicrobial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, and Malassezia furfur (minimum inhibitory concentration = 10 mL/L). Additionally, it exhibited dose-dependent activity against influenza virus A and feline coronavirus. Furthermore, among 20 identified constituents accounting for 98.7% of the oil contents, the major components included 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol (10.12%), 2-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-2-propanol (9.09%), fenchone (8.14%), O-isopropyltoluene (6.35%), and isothymol methyl ether (6.14%). The P. densiflora trunk essential oil showed antibacterial and antiviral activities that depended on its chemical composition and the microbial strains tested herein. The essential oil can be used as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant.

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