Acoruscalamus: Parts used, Insecticidal, Anti-Fungal, Antitumour and Anti-Inflammatory Activity: A Review

Abstract

Acoruscalamusis a herb used for the appetite and as an aid to the digestion. It is used for fevers, stomach cramps and cholic. Their rhizomes were used for toothache and powdered rhizome for congestion. The rhizome part is also used to treat several diseases like asthma and bronchitis and as sedative. Native tribes treated cough by making a decoction of the plant as a carminative and also for cholic. It is a main medhya drug, which has the property of improving the memory power and intellect. Acoruscalamusis used in the conditions of vata and kapha, stomatopathy, hoarseness, flatulence, dyspepsia, helminthiasis, amenorrhea, dysmenorrheal, nephropathy, calculi, stragury.Acoruscalamusleaves, rhizomes and its essential oil has many biological activities16 like antispasmodic, carminative and also used for treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent and tumors. It also has the insecticidal, antifungal, antibacterial, tranquilizing, antidiarrhoeal, antidyslipidemic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, spasmolytic, vascular modulator activities. The parts used in most of the experimental studies are the leaves, roots and stem of the plant. The dry rhizome contains some of the yellow aromatic oil, calamus oil that are responsible for their medicinal and insecticidal properties. Studies were also done on their rhizome part and in its oils in order to identify the active constituents and its medicinal values.

Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Albumin Denaturation Inhibitory Potential of Methanolic Root Extract of Acorus calamus

“…The parts of the plant Acorus calamus generally used are leaves, root (rhizome) and stem. In Ayurvedic medicinal practice, the rhizomes have been used to cure several diseases like asthma, bronchitis and also acts as a sedative [6]. Native tribes used it to treat coughs, digestive problems such as gas, bloating and poor digestive functions.…”

Comparative cytotoxic analysis of extracts obtained from leaves and roots of sweet flag (Acorus Calamus L.) on rat bone marrow cells in vitro

“…Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) is an herbaceous perennial rhizome plant belonging to the Acoraceae family [1,2,6,7].…”

“…And the tetraploid Sweet Flag (Acorus Calamus var. Spurius) could be found in East Asia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Eastern Siberia, the Far East, North and Middle China, and Japan [1,6,7].…”

“…They are also used externally for rheumatic joint pains and as disinfectants for gingivitis, stomatitis, etc. [1,2,6,7].…”

In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibition of Cylindrocladium reteaudii by Essential Oils of Acorus calamus Rhizomes

“…Acorus calamus (Acoraceae), commonly known as sweet flag, is a semi-aquatic plant. It is a perennial monocot with a creeping and highly branched aromatic rhizome (Kamil et al, 2017). The rhizome of A. calamus and its essential oils are widely use in the flavoring industry.…”