Acoustic sound–induced stress response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to long-term underwater sound transmissions of urban and shipping noises

Effects of Underwater Ship Sound and Urban Noise on Voluntary Feeding and Growth Response of Fish

“…The nding of the present study in terms of acclimatization to noise-induced environments without in uence on growth after a few weeks of exposure is in close agreement with earlier reports (Wysocki et 2020) reported physiological change as a startle response in tilapia exposed to underwater sounds of marine industrial constructions such as drilling or piling, and growth was depressed during the rst 4-5 weeks of exposure, but increased thereafter, which is in close agreement with the ndings in this study. Overall, our ndings in terms of almost linear growth followed by an increasing trend after 3-4 weeks of sound pollution exposure overlaps with earlier reports underlining elevated respiratory rates for the rst 4 weeks of exposure, with a gradually declining physiological response over a long-term sound exposure in tilapia (Kusku 2020;Kusku et al 2020).…”

“…Fish did not show any further response after 12-weeks period. This was also supported by Kusku (2020) and Kusku et al (2020) who reported a startle response in Nile tilapia, but sh did not respond with an elevated ventilation to the same noise after 12 weeks (90 days) of exposure. Similarly, to our ndings in terms of long-term response of sh with growth indications, or earlier reports with physiological and behavioral responses, Nedelec et al ( 2016) reported decreased level of behavioral responses or physiological in coral-reef sh after one week exposure to underwater motorboat noise transmission, which also support our results showing that sh may evolve tolerance to repeated acoustic noises after a certain time.…”

“…Gibson and Mathis (2006) observed different levels of opercula beat rates in sh exposed to various kinds of stimuli and underlined that increased opercula rates in sh might be accepted as a behavioral response to predators. Further, Kusku (2020)…”

“…A limited number of available studies, however provided evidence that European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), northern pike (Esox lucius) and lake-chub (Couesius plumbeus) grown in net cages were in uenced by underwater seismic air gun shootings(Santulli et al 1999;Popper et al 2005). labrax),Anderson et al (2011) in lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus),Kusku (2020) andKusku et al (2020) in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) with damaging effects of underwater sound pollution on sh growth response.…”

It Often Howls More than It Chugs: Wind versus Ship Noise Under Water in Australia’s Maritime Regions

“…Shipping is a global contributor to ocean noise and, over the past five decades, has caused a steady increase in underwater low-frequency (10-100 Hz) ambient sound levels in many marine regions [19][20][21][22][23][24]. This is of concern, because ship noise causes behavioural and acoustic responses, auditory masking, and stress in marine animals [25][26][27][28]. Hence, various studies have mapped ship noise and overlain the resulting maps with marine habitat maps to identify areas of concern (hotspots; high animal density and high noise) [29] and areas of opportunity (high animal density and low noise) [30] for marine spatial planning.…”