Acoustophoretic volumetric displays using a fast-moving levitated particle

Abstract

Displays have revolutionized the way we work and learn, and thus, the development of display technologies is of paramount importance. The possibility of a free-space display in which 3D graphics can be viewed from 360 without obstructions is an active area of research-holograms or lightfield displays can realize such a display, but they suffer from clipping and a limited field of view. Here, we use a phased array of ultrasonic emitters to realize a volumetric acoustophoretic display in which a millimetric particle is held in midair using acoustic radiation forces and moved rapidly along a 3D path. Synchronously, a light source illuminates the particle with the target color at each 3D position. We show that it is possible to render simple figures in real time (10 frames per second) as well as raster images at a lower frame rate. Additionally, we explore the dynamics of a fast-moving particle inside a phased-array levitator and identify potential sources of degradation in image quality. The dynamics are nonlinear and lead to distortion in the displayed images, and this distortion increases with drawing speed. The created acoustophoretic display shows promise as a future form of display technology.

Advances in Micromanipulation Actuated by Vibration-Induced Acoustic Waves and Streaming Flow

“…Similar to the application of SSAW, the instantaneous change in the phase of the transducers can change the position of the standing wave node in the longitudinal direction, thereby controlling the movement of the particles in the longitudinal direction. Fushimi et al [62] recently proposed a special hologram display device. A phased array of ultrasonic emitters was used to realize a volumetric acoustophoretic display in which a millimetric particle is held in mid-air using ARF and moved rapidly along a 3D path.…”

“…Ultrasonic transducers array by Qiu and Glynne-Jones et al[14,26,27], Fushimi et al[62], and Kozuka et al[15]: (a) in the x,z plane, particles can be suspended at the standing wave node formed by resonance between the actuator and the reflector. (This figure is republished reference[27] ofMarzo et al and licensed under CC BY 4.0.…”

Avoiding Collisions when Interacting with Levitating Particle Displays

“…Polystyrene beads ( 1 mm to 3 mm) are typically used as the pixels to create point cloud representations of data [6,15]. Whilst simple in appearance, these beads can be moved rapidly with synchronised lasers to create opaque animated graphics [8,10], or used as the anchors for lightweight materials [13], allowing this technology to be used for complex and opaque in-air graphics and animations. the viewer.…”

Acoustic Hologram Enhanced Phased Arrays for Ultrasonic Particle Manipulation

“…Particle manipulation is an area of growing interest for a variety of applications, particularly in the fields of pharmaceutics, biology, and chemistry [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], due to its ability to interact with any material and its proven ability not to damage the viability of cells [22][23][24]. It is also a suitable candidate for emerging applications such as the delivery of food [25] and the creation of dynamic 3D displays [26]. Acoustic holograms produced by 3D printing have been demonstrated as being capable of trapping [27] and assembling [28] particles; however, this has all been achieved with static fields and particle movement obtained via physical movement of a positioning stage, particle buoyancy, or static phase gradients.…”