Acrolein, a Toxicant in Cigarette Smoke, Causes Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in RPE Cells: Protection by (R)-α-Lipoic Acid

Abstract

These results show that acrolein is a mitochondrial toxicant in RPE cells and that acrolein-induced oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction is reduced by lipoic acid. The similar sensitivity of the ARPE-19 and hfRPE cells suggests that both models are useful for studying RPE toxicity and protection. These experiments indicate that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as lipoic acid may be an effective strategy for reducing or preventing chronic oxidant-induced RPE degeneration in vivo from a variety of sources, including cigarette smoke.

Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia improves postischemic recovery of myocardial contractile function via redox signaling during early reperfusion

“…To evaluate the effect of IHH on oxidative stress during I/R, we measured protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde (MDA), respective products of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation (22,24), in LV tissue homogenated in protein lysis buffer without DTT. Protein carbonyls were measured using an immunoblot kit to detect the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization of protein carbonyls following the manufacturer's instruction (Cell Biolabs).…”

Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration – Implications for Therapy

“…Although the mechanism underlying the environmental factors mediated increased risk of AMD is not known, it is believed that they may increase macular damage and/or alter the immune function. Taken cigarette smoking as an example, the blood borne products of tobacco combustion damage RPE cells, alter Bruch's membrane and exacerbate sub-PRE deposition (Bertram et al 2009, Espinosa-Heidmann et al 2006, Jia et al 2007, Wang et al 2009 (Jia et al 2007). Cigarette smoking also affects the immune system (Arnson et al 2010, Klareskog et al 2007, including the ocular immune responses.…”

Protective effects of the aqueous extract ofScutellaria baicalensisagainst acrolein-induced oxidative stress in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells

“…Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation that could implicate various degenerative pathogenesis, oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis and is widely used as a positive control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) experiments (Jia et al, 2007;LoPachin et al, 2009;Luo & Shi, 2005;Pan et al, 2009;Roy et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Zitting & Heinonen, 1980). However, protection against acrolein toxicity in endothelial cells by using the aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) (SbG) has not been investigated, though SbG has been reported to have anti-asthmatic, anti-fungal, antioxidative, and antiinflammatory activities (Huang et al, 2006;Koda et al, 1972;Wong & Tsang, 2009).…”

“…Past studies of SbG showed the neuroprotective effects on ROS-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal HT-22 cells, neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and PC12 cells (Choi et al, 2002;Gao et al, 2001;Shang et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2009). SbG contains numerous flavone derivatives and the active components were studied (Ding et al, 2009;Jia et al, 2007;Yu et al, 2007). It is worthwhile to investigate whether the SbG also had protective effects on endothelial cells, which is of significant clinical meaning in treating endothelial cell related diseases.…”