Active Distribution Network Modeling for Enhancing Sustainable Power System Performance; a Case Study in Egypt

Abstract

The remarkable growth of distributed generation (DG) penetration inside electrical power systems turns the familiar passive ‎distribution networks (PDNs) into active distribution networks (ADNs). Based ‎on the backward/forward sweep method (BFS), a new power-flow algorithm was developed in this paper. The algorithm is flexible to handle the bidirectional flow of power that characterizes the ‎modern ADNs. Models of the commonly used distribution network components were integrated with the developed algorithm to ‎form a comprehensive tool. This tool is valid for modeling either balanced or unbalanced ADNs with an unlimited number of nodes or laterals. The ‎integrated models involve modeling of distribution lines, losses inside distribution transformers, automatic voltage regulators ‎‎(AVRs), DG units, shunt capacitor banks (SCBs) and different load models. To verify its validity, the presented algorithm was first applied to the unbalanced IEEE 37-node standard feeder in both passive and active states. Moreover, the algorithm was then ‎applied to a balanced 22 kV real distribution network as a case study. The selected network is located in a remote area in the western desert of Upper Egypt, far away from the Egyptian unified national grid. Accordingly, the paper examines the current and future situation of the Egyptian electricity market. Comparison studies between the ‎performance of the proposed ADNs and the classical PDNs are discussed. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the ‎effectiveness of the proposed ADNs in preserving the network assets, improving the system performance and minimizing the ‎power losses‎.

An efficient framework for integrating distributed generation and capacitor units for simultaneous grid‐connected and islanded network operations

“…The methodologies to address the uncertainties associated with the RESs have been presented in References 11,86. Moreover, the literature has categorized the load models considering the voltage dependency 6 or types of customers 8,87‐89 . Henceforward, the proposed methodology can be employed for renewable energy‐based DGs and different load types, evaluating the uncertainties associated with the power generations and loads.…”

“…On the other hand, capacitor banks (CBs) are the devices that have always been regarded as the most economical solution for power loss reduction and volt/var control of the distribution systems 5 . CBs are considered as a special type of DG that generates reactive power only 6 . Capacitors are among the first equipment used to improve the power system voltage 7 .…”

“…5 CBs are considered as a special type of DG that generates reactive power only. 6 Capacitors are among the first equipment used to improve the power system voltage. 7 DGs alone offer better performance than CBs 8 in the prospect of power losses and voltage regularity.…”

Assessment of Applying Demand side management Techniques on distribution networks performance: a practical Case

“…It is independent of voltage magnitude and known as the constant-power load model. A load, on the other hand, can be modeled as a constant-current or constant-impedance source [23]. In the constant-current source model, the active and reactive powers of the load fluctuate linearly with voltage magnitude, but they vary quadratically with voltage magnitude in the constant-impedance model.…”

False Data Injection Threats in Active Distribution Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

“…In the past few years, traditional manually-operated distribution systems have shifted to smart distribution systems to cope up with the increased power consumption demands and operational reliability Pahwa (2015). Recently, the growing trend of integrating distributed renewable energy sources into power systems have also shifted focus from passive distribution systems into Active Distribution Systems (ADSs) in response to environmental concerns, power sustainability and energy market economics Radwan, Zaki Diab, Elsayed, Haes Alhelou and Siano (2020).…”